Juvenile Delinquency A Complex Social Phenomenon Of...

Introduction Given the range and significance of juvenile delinquency, the demand for understanding strategies has become apparent in order to combat a complex social phenomenon of criminal behavior in juveniles. The juvenile justice system is an intricate part of juvenile justice intertwining law enforcement, court and correctional agencies along with the community when dealing with juvenile delinquents. Thus, understanding delinquents and how they behave is crucial when considering the effectiveness of prevention to commit further crimes. Theories of juvenile justice causation enables all to understand what the strains and breakdowns in social processes are to assist in the production of conformity. During the former years of juvenile delinquency, treatment of children changed how society viewed the social and special needs of children by examining the theories of what could have caused youth to commit crimes. Juvenile Delinquency Theories â€Å"Symbolic-interactionist theories of delinquency are concerned less with values than with the way in which social meanings and definitions can help produce delinquent behavior,† (The Gale Group, Inc., 2001). In other words, symbolic interactionism recognizes the theories of delinquency through the eyes of values versus socialism. Earlier interactionist theories based their theories on how adolescents acquired meanings and definitions from others, but as time has passed, now focuses on the role of official control agenciesShow MoreRelatedFemale Juveniles Are The Most Vulnerable927 Words   |  4 PagesFemale juveniles are known to be the most vulnerable. If they are growing up in poverty or suffering from abuse, their delinquent behavior are often leads to self-destruction. Female juveniles will most likely grow up to join street gangs, drop out of school, or become teenage mothers. Girls are the fastest growing segment of the juvenile just ice system with minority females disproportionately represented among delinquent girls; two-thirds are girls of color. The majority have been subjected to someRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency3872 Words   |  16 PagesJuvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority).Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts. A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. DependingRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency3863 Words   |  16 PagesJuvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority).Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts. A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. DependingRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : The Common Poor Parenting, Socioeconomic Status And Peer Pressure Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency is one of the most complex, interesting and challenging phenomena in Trinidad and Tobago. In recent years there have been a high proportion of juvenile males being arrested and remanded at the nation’s youth facilities. In 2013, 106 young males were sent to the Youth Training Centre (YTC), for various offences, (Ministry of Justice, 2013). Among these, 25% were arrested for murder, 16% for possession of drugs, 14% for robbery, 3% for breaching of school rules and 6% were beyondRead MoreSocial Structure Of A Social Institution3100 Words   |  13 Pages A social institution is a complex, integrated set of social norms organized around the conservation of a basic societal value. Social institutions are established or standardized patterns of convention-regulated behavior. They include the household, education, religion, and economic and political establishments. A well-established and structured pattern of behavior or of relationships of groups of people that is accepted as a fundamental part of a culture. Institutions are structures and mechanismsRead MoreEssay on Crime and Delinquency1407 Words   |  6 PagesCrime and Delinquency In 1939 Criminologist Edwin H. Sutherland proposed his theory of Differential Association in his Principles of Criminology textbook. Differential Association theory states that criminal behavior is learned behavior. Sutherland along with Richard Cloward, and Lloyd Ohlin attempted to explain this phenomenon by emphasizing the role of learning. To become a criminal, a person must not only be inclined toward illegal activity, he or she must also learn how to commit criminal actsRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 PagesChapter 5. Chapter 6. Chapter 7. Chapter 8. Chapter 9. Chapter 10. Chapter 11. Chapter 12. Introduction to Criminological Theory Deterrence and Rationale Choice Theories Biological Theories Psychological Theories Social Learning Theory Social Bonding and Control Theories Labeling Theory Social Disorganization, Anomie, and Strain Theories Conflict Theory Marxist and Critical Theories Feminist Theories Integrating Criminological Theories 4 7 11 1 5 18 22 25 28 32 35 38 41 3 Chapter 1 IntroductionRead MoreJuveniles in the Adult Justice System3336 Words   |  13 PagesTopic: Juveniles do not belong in the Adult Justice System. Authorities who waive Juveniles into the Adult Justice System are making a devastating impact on their futures Abstract This paper is about the most controversial subject in the penal system today, i.e. should juveniles be treated as adults and be tried in the adult justice system and the negative impact on their lives. This becomes relevant after the judgment in Roper Vs Simmons (1995) which states that there is a doubt as to whenRead MoreThe Label Gang : A Study Of 1313 Gangs Essay6194 Words   |  25 PagesWest, prison inmates, Mafioso and other organized criminals, motorcyclists, and groups of inner city youths. Despite its diverse application, the term gang almost always connotes involvement in disreputable or illegal activities. Social scientists use the term gang most frequently when describing groups of juveniles. This tendency dates back to Frederic Thrasher s The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago (1927). According to Thrasher, social conditions in the United States at the end of the nineteenthRead MoreChildren in Conflict to the Law12401 Words   |  50 PagesUnder R.A. 9344 a child who is 15 years of age at the time of the commission of offense are exempted from criminal liability, however the child shall be subjected to an intervention program provided by local social welfare development office who will determine appropriate programs and consultation with the client and to person having custody of the child. There are three types of delinquency: the first type is environment delinquent, they are usually occasional law breakers. The second type is

Why Consumers Purchase Organic Foods Essay example

LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter was discussed about the overview of organic foods purchase intention that might affect purchasing of organic food among ASTRO staffs. In order to identify why consumers purchase the organic foods, research come out with a few factors that really influence the consumers to purchase the organic foods. The factors such as consumer attitude, environmental consciousness, safety and health aspect, knowledge and quality of organic foods will influence the purchase intention among ASTRO staffs. Besides that, demographic characteristic will support to identify what type of ASTRO staffs who purchase organic foods in their daily life. Moreover, the type of organic foods that most likely purchased†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the ASTRO staffs purchasing intention might depend on their attitude towards the buying of organic food. 2.3 Environmental consciousness According to Hughner et al, (2007) in studying the reason for organic food purchases, a majority of studies have attributes the purchase organic food to consumers’ environmental attitudes and concerns. The use of chemical and hazardous substances showed an increase, particularly in the agricultural sector based on the 9th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010), chapter 22. The quantity of fertilizers used increased about 1.8 million tones within 3 years which is from 2.2 million tones in 2001 to 4.0 million tones in 2004. In order to reduce the high usage of chemicals and hazardous substances, government has introduced better farming training through Skim Akreditasi Ladang Malaysia (SLAM) and Skim Organik Malaysia (SOM). According to Harper Makatouni, (2002), an ethical or consumer is ecologically and purchase products that are environmental friendly and not harmful to the environment or society. This shows that environmental friendly products that produce won’t give any negative affect to environment such as air pollution, land pollution and etc. According Millock et al. (2004) claimed that good environment and animal welfare attitudes influence organic food choice to a lesser extent that the attitudes towards taste, freshness and health aspects of organic food. These findings suggest that organic buyers alsoShow MoreRelatedConsumer Behavior And Attitudes Of Organic Foods1295 Words   |  6 PagesCONCLUSION Consumer Behavior and Attitudes As discussed previously, consumer behaviors are largely driven by attitudes usually established during childhood; this â€Å"combined with personal experiences and influences, contributes to the consumer s decision to purchase or not purchase organic foods†2 . Indicators that influence a consumer’s choice of whether to purchase organic foods were consistent across most studies: consumers cited health benefits, animal welfare, environmental conditions, and food safetyRead MoreThe Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defines certified organic products as â€Å" those which have been produced, stored, processed, handled and marketed in accordance with precise technical specifications (standards) and certified as organic by a certification body† (FAO, 1999). Here, this is a common definition oriented by the production process of the â€Å"organic† pro duct and the label of verification of a certification body as opposed to and verification of product qualityRead MoreThe Effect Of Organic Food On Today s World1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of Organic Food in Today’s World When one goes to a grocery store today and compares it to one 20 years ago, they will notice a significant difference. One can find organic food in almost every store that sells food. Organic food has become increasingly more popular over the past few years due to a variety of considerations. Quality, convenience and price are a few examples of those considerations. The increase in demand and popularity results in varying opinions as to implicationsRead MoreUnderstanding The Concepts Of Price, Quality And Value From The Consumer Perspective Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagessimilar across consumers and products and how the consumers relate quality, price, and value in their deliberations about products and services. The objective of this paper is to define the concepts of price , quality and value from the consumer’ perspective. To work on these objectives, a review of previous research was done by an exploratory investigation of quality and value in the product category of be verages (place). Company interviews, a focus group interview and 30 in-depth consumers interviewsRead MoreThe Cost Associated With Organic Food1287 Words   |  6 Pagesthat there were many studies conducted in the last two decades on â€Å"whether organic foods have higher levels of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals than conventionally raised foods and whether they have fewer pesticide residues.† However, there are very few studies that actually prove that there are significant health benefits to eating organic. In my study I will focus on whether the cost associated with organic food is worth the health benefits. Crinnion (2010) wrote that one factor many researchersRead MoreOrganic Agriculture1009 Words   |  4 Pageschemical compounds that could keep away pests and disease while stimulating plant growth, all agriculture would have been organic. It is therefore erroneous to speak of the history of organic farming as distinct from agricultural history in general. The history of chemical-dependent agro-business, on the other hand, can be discussed from a historical perspective. The term organic is used mainly in opposition to the overuse and misuse of toxic chemical compounds such as herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizersRead MoreOrganic Foods And Organic Food Essay1066 Words   |  5 PagesOrganic food is one of the fast growing markets in the world. Only in the U.S., retail sales of organic foods were $6.2 billion in 2015: California made up the biggest part of the country’s organic food market, with $2.436 billion of total sales; Colorado was on the ninth place with $155 million of total sales (â€Å"2015 Certified Organic Survey† 9). Today, organic products are available in almost every conventional grocery store and often have a higher price over conventional products. In fact, theRead MoreOrganic Farming Concept1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Value: Market Segmentation Analysis and a Value Proposition: Daylesford Organic Farm Concept Week 3 Assignment Brief Description of the Daylesford Organic Farm Concept: Daylesford concept is centered on a working organic farming. The farm was originally established by Carole Bamford. Dayleford has a passion for seasonal, ethical produce that has translated into two London-based farm shops and cafes and seasonal organic, produce sold in Waitrose and other independent stores nationwide. DaylesfordRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods And Organic Foods Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst introduced over 20 years ago, but that doesn’t mean consumers know what GMO’s are and the benefits and drawbacks of them are. This study was conducted in order to appropriately justify an answer to the questions: Do South African consumers know what genetically modified and organically grown foods are? Are they making informed choices about what they eat? These questions must be answered as it is important to determine whether consumers are well informed on factors which affect their health.Read MoreNutritional Benefits Of Organic Foods1218 Words   |  5 Pagesalternatives, the organic food industry is quickly expanding. The U.S. organic foods market has rapidly grown from $3.5 billion in 1996 to $28.6 billion in 2010 according to the clinical report of Organic Foods: Health and Environmental Advantages and Disadvantages written by Joel Forman and Janet Silverstein. But should we purchase and consume more organically grown produce, meats, dairy products, and grains than conventionally grown foods? As the organic food section in local food supermarkets continue

Problems Common in Family Owned Businesses-Samples for Student

Question: What Are The Problems Common In Family Owned Businesses? Answer: Introducation: Research in the past has demonstrated that family firms assume a critical part in rising and created economies, particularly on development and business. Multidivisional organizations, for example, IKEA and Michelin, Armani, Wal-Mart, Home Depot, were established yet controlled by families (Cohen, S. 2014, 12). Other than taking a stab at benefit and business supportability, clashes are usually found in dealing with the company where the dominant part of its board individuals are relatives (Song, K. 2015, 98). Just a single third of family-claimed organizations, as a rule, survive the original to a second era (Hing, N. 2013, 14). Family Owned business ought to dispense with understanding into various fundamental components for great movement organizing, for instance, the level of wanting to be required by the private organization saw the ability to lead as differentiated and the past time, and various troubles faced as the move happened. It is evident from this results family had associations attract out vitality the people who are incorporated into them and that this energy justifies understanding and copying at whatever point possible. Challenges of a new family business The following are few problems common in family owned businesses Generational Issues A family-owned business commonly consolidates different eras of laborers, with the more seasoned eras feeling energetical about the company they consider their own. More young relatives may come in with their particular thoughts regarding how to win new clients and all the more profitably, run everyday operations, except more seasoned families would not tune in. This is particularly real for affiliations that have been passed down from past periods, with small having been changed after some time. One game plan might be to consider agreeing to allow more young age relatives to incorporate one new component an incidental preface. More seasoned families may likewise need to venture back and understand that the data that more youthful eras convey to their business can be fundamental to drawing in new clients. Nepotism Allegations In an owned family business, individuals regularly are given occupations since they are identified with the proprietor (Cohen, S. 2014, 12). These workers may think that it's important to substantiate themselves, particularly in family organizations that bring on board non-relatives. For administrators who assume control responsibility from a relative, specialists and different people in the group may think that it's troublesome tolerating the change of organization (Halberstadt, J. 2014, 17). For good outcomes, pioneers in family-possessed organizations must make additional steps to direct arrangements that will guarantee decency to all representatives. Pressure to Succeed Independent ventures have high disappointment rates (Rasmussen, E. 2015). However, somebody assuming control over a setup organization may feel that business is safe from the common issues. These entrepreneurs may likewise feel torn between receiving new, more mainstream strategies for getting things done and holding to custom (Lussier, R. 2016, 89). As an expansive bit of expecting control over the secretively run affiliation, more young relatives ought to make it clear that they are most certainly not making a certification to proceed with the business for an exceptionally fundamental level long time without doing it. If a proprietor has one bright individual as a primary priority to assume control at retirement, the move can be genuinely straightforward. Nonetheless, the procedure isn't that clear (Wright, M. 2015). Family issues Passionate, physical, and monetary issues among relatives can fundamentally affect the everyday operation of the business (Bruton, G. 2015). Weight to contract relatives Its hard to deny the weight that accompanies demands from families who need to join the business subsequently getting to be noticeably convoluted if they don't have the essential abilities and experience required for a particular position (Song, K. 2015, 25). Absence of Knowledge The free culture found in numerous privately-owned companies can bring about a delicate way to deal with the preparation of new representatives, regardless of whether they are relatives or not. High turnover of non-family workers Non-family staff may feel that more prominent open doors are given to family and may lose the spirit of the way of life (Hing, N. 2013, 14). Hotspots for development A large test can decide how and where to get the capital and assets expected to grow the business. How it is to be isolated and misconstruing the estimation of the business Business family proprietors may have distinctive conclusions on the development of their business; they may have no actualities about the condition of the organization and what things add to the presence (Siegel, D. 2015). No leave arrange Privately-owned companies frequently do not have a characterized procedure anticipate what will happen if a proprietor needs to resign, exchange duty, or offer the business (Lussier, R. 2016, 89). Wellsprings of back A few wellsprings of the business fund are here and paid back ordinarily not over a year, and different wellsprings of the corporate capital are a long haul. Wellsprings of financing can be sorted into either inward or outside. Inner wellsprings of business back are assets found inside the organization or benefit produced using a company (Hyder, S. 2016). Outer wellsprings of the enterprise fund are found outside the firm, for instance from lenders or banks, and can likewise be acquired cash from companions or family and stipends Loan Bank Borrowings from banks are in like manner an essential wellspring of the reserve for associations. Bank advancing is essentially here and may be as a transitory credit for up to three years, overdraft, which an organization should keep inside the most distant point, set by the bank and medium-term advances will advance that have a period of between three to ten years. Advance Stock The expanded stock is a total deal commitment capital typically raised by an association for which interest is returned half yearly and at a settled rate. Propel stockholders are like this whole deal banks of an association. Held income For any business, the measure of wage kept directly affects a few profits thus benefit re-contributed is paid as a profit (Breton L, 2016, 445). Renting Rent is the place to gatherings concurs, the resident and the lessor. The renter makes installments according to an understanding of the agreement to the lessor, for a predetermined period. The landowner claims the advantage yet enables the occupant to utilize it (Wright, M. 2015, 16). Franchising The franchise is a system for developing business on less capital than would by one means or another or another be required. Franchisors incorporate renting a car, chicken inn (KFC) etc (Tanev, S. 2015, 11). Advantages Disadvantages of Sources of Finance Whether funding a new company or expanding an old one, it's challenging when choosing the right source of finance. While it's possible to choose from several options, each comes with its advantages and drawbacks. In all cases, no other choice is better than others. Bank Loan With Bank loan, a lot of money can be raised quickly; hence the business can purchase items or expand more rapidly (Song, S. 2015, 24). The disadvantage is that interest is charged for borrowing money. In additional, it is not always easy to get. Bank Overdraft Allows a company to pay for things it couldn't afford. It also helps with cash flow in times of difficulty. The disadvantages are that Banks overdraft is not a long term solution hence interest charged at a high rate, making the source expensive. Retained profits The business does not have to borrow money so avoids interest payments. With retained profit once spent, it cannot be used elsewhere and can leave the business without reserves in case things go wrong (Johnson, M. 2014, 20). Sale and leaseback Frees up a lot of money quickly but the problem is that the person will end up paying an on-going cost, often over a long time. Franchising Success is at a higher rate than start up businesses, but a bad performance by other franchisees may affect the reputation of others. For instance, Fried fast food has gotten an awful name in the course of the most recent couple of years guiding individuals far from KFC. Expanding has for a long while been a spine of the fast-food industry since it reduces theory costs and possibility and engages snappy geographic expansion. It works honorably when a pool of experienced, entrepreneurial candidates are available to run foundations and when restaurant operations are essential worked around, for example, an obliged menu of easy to make things (Col. Sanders). Conclusion Privately run companies are predominantly the spine and the primary driver of development in many economies. On account of their temperament, privately run organizations defy different additional challenges than those that their accomplices need to oversee. The commitment in regards to the corporate structure is shared among the overseeing body, the senior organization, and proprietors. Nevertheless, relatives probably have more prominent obligation guaranteeing that their business is spoken to in a way that will make it possible and sensible for the whole deal. Setting up a consistent family organization course of action early will help speculate and resolve potential conflicts between relatives about business issues. This will make it workable for families to concentrate on the improvement of the firm. Finally, it is additionally important that families in business wind up plainly educated of the significance of these issues and begin assembling structure for satisfactory corporate administration as quickly as time permits. References Bruton, G., Khavul, S., Siegel, D. and Wright, M., 2015. New financial alternatives in seeding entrepreneurship: Microfinance, crowd funding, and peer to peer innovations. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(1), pp.9-26. Cohen, S. and Hochberg, Y.V., 2014. Accelerating startups: The seed accelerator phenomenon. Halberstadt, J. and Johnson, M., 2014. Sustainability Management for Startups and Micro-Enterprises: Development of a Sustainability-Quick-Check and Reporting Scheme. InEnviroInfo(pp. 17-24). Harrison, R.T., and Mason, C.M., 2016. FINANCING THE GROWING FIRM. Finance for Growing Enterprises, p.77. Hing, N., 2013. Maximizing franchisee satisfaction in the restaurant sector.Journal of Consumer Marketing. Hyder, S. and Lussier, R.N., 2016. Why businesses succeed or fail: a study on small businesses in Pakistan.Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies,8(1), pp.82-100. Kaiser, U. and Mller, B., 2015. Skill heterogeneity in startups and its development over time.Small Business Economics,45(4), pp.787-804. Marom, S. and Lussier, R.N., 2014. A business success versus failure prediction model for small businesses in Israel.Business and Economic Research,4(2), p.63. Miller, D., Steier, L. and Breton Miller, L., 2016. What can scholars of entrepreneurship learn from sound family businesses?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(3), pp.445-455. Neubauer, F. and Lank, A.G., 2016.The family business: Its governance for sustainability. Springer. Rasmussen, E.S., and Tanev, S., 2015. The emergence of the lean global startup as a new type of firm.Technology Innovation Management Review,5(11). Song, K.S., 2015. The Effects of Small Business CEO's Start-up Environment on Fear of Business Failure and Entrepreneurial Failure.The Journal of the Korea Contents Association,15(2), pp.393-407.

Marketing Plan of Apple Inc Company

Apple’s Financial Overview The Apple Company has enjoyed stable growth over the last five years with the highest growth rate recorded in the year 2011. Reflectively, the company’s revenues have steadily increased from 48,678 million dollars in 2009 to 170,910 million dollars by the year 2013. Fortunately, the company has not experienced any loss over the five year period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan of Apple Inc Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The profit for the company has increased steadily over the half decade period with the highest profit recorded in 2012 at 68,662 million dollars. The stock prices have also been on an upward trend with the highest price recorded in 2012 at 644 per share. From the above overview, it is apparent that the Apple Company has experienced steady growth over the years, despite the serious economic meltdown of 2009 (Google Finance, 2013). Th is is summarized in appendix 1. Current Marketing Situation Consumer segment The Apple retail model targets user consumers who form the majority of its market catchment. Since this target group frequents Apple distribution store, Apple will be in a position to conveniently direct the customers to their designated delivery points and stores without having to directly deliver the products. The company should merge the strategy with advertisements since this group of consumers has access to social media. Due to exposure to information sources such as new papers, television, radio, and magazines, product announcement through these avenues will come in handy. Decision on the best product relies on information feedback after multiple exposures to different competing products. As forecasted in the market research, this strategy will be successful towards dominance as it offers a variety of options to consumers, while at the same time, maximizing benefits of economies of scale to the compan y (Jobber, 2012). Business segment The Apple Company may partner which medium businesses retailing products similar to those of its competitors. This strategy will expand its market and make it easy for customers to access the products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to attract this segment, the company may offer free delivery, delivery products on credit, and series of discount on the basis of the sales volumes achieved by these retailers. When properly implemented, the company is likely to counter the Samsung strategy of reaching the customers through proxy retailers (Jobber, 2012). Targeting Apple Company is currently the leading Personal Computer (PC) retailer in the global computer arena and offers some of the latest and most advanced personal computers and smart phones. Every household consists of potential customers of Apple Company since computers and phone s have become a daily necessity. Recent studies indicate that the majority of this population recognizes the need for affordable, efficient and reliable PC. Thus, the most attractive segment to enter for the company would be a business segment to make the product easily available to the customers. This strategy will steadily expand the company’s market in all the continents without having to incur the cost of renting retail premises. Besides, the company will be in a position to micro manage its operations from a single distribution point (Jobber, 2012). Positioning Strategies In the overcrowded global market for PCs, product positioning is directly linked to the success in the short and long term, especially for the Apple products. In order to achieve the desired goals, Apple should position itself to emphasize the difference between its products and those of its competitors. In order to diversify market operations, Apple Company should continue to create multiple brands thr ough its innovative team in order to keep the company ahead of the other competitors such as Samsung, Nokia, and Motorola. This will create an environment of own competition and blocked other competitors from encroaching into the company’s local and global market (Jobber, 2012). Product Review Product development entails the innovation process aimed at modeling the existing product or improving on it to balance with the changing preferences of the customers. As a result, the older version will be phased out of the market as preferences change (Apple Inc, 2012). As a matter of fact, Apple is the leading company in the PC industry in terms of design and innovation. The company is associated with new innovations and attractive designs that appeal to their customers across the world. The Apple Inc Company has benefited from this strategy in terms of market expansion, especially among its early adopter customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Pla n of Apple Inc Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Specifically, through product development, the Apple Inc Company has been in a position to optimally exploit opportunities available in the innovation market segment and has gained a significant share in the mobile PCs market at the global level (Jobber, 2012). Competitive Review The 5Ps of marketing mix is defined by Product, Place, Price, Promotion, and People as part of market segmentation. The Apple’s iTunes, iPhone apps, and iPad apps give the company a competitive advantage over its competitions since the company is in a position to create a barrier for its competitors by proliferation the products. For instance, this strategy was beneficial for the Apple Inc Company when it became the first company in the world to provide online music services through its creative iPod and iTunes products. As the first in the online music service, the company reaped from the first m over advantage and expanded to countries such as China, UK and South Africa (Apple Inc, 2012) Apple’s strategy in marketing its products relied on the assertion that â€Å"products don’t just perform, they actually exhibit behavior† (Jobber, 2012, p. 34). This exhibits the nature of niche marketing by focusing on utmost premium quality that customers demand or may not know that they require at that time. The company emphasized on creating trends and affordable prices. Apple’s iPad and iPhone series have become a symbol of status and culture across the global PC industry (Apple Inc, 2012).Moreover, the company may enter into strategic partnership with other companies to advertise its products. In order to boost the revenues for the company through increased market share, it is vital to review latest market data on customer preference in the market segment. Thus, through effective advertisement, the target segment is projected to increase their purchase of the Apple products. Channel and Logistics Review The company has developed a highly structured marketing distribution channels that operate independently of the mother company. As a result, the company has been in a position to capture the fastest growing markets such as France, the UK, China, and Japan, where the innovative and stylistic design of Apple iPhone 4 has become a household name.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a matter of fact, Apple Company’s stores have improved on their performance to $19.1 billion as of the year 2012. The establishment of many stores outside America has pushed the revenues of the company by 17%. At present, â€Å"the Apple stores are a key part in major cities. There is a community effect that’s quite powerful† (Jobber, 2012, p. 28). The product development variables at the Apple Inc Company are connected at the central point of strategic planning which encompasses costing, speed, quality, flexibility, and dependability that create a smooth continuous operation tracking model that operates like computer from one segment to another in the competitive PC industry. Therefore, the major part of the success puzzle for operations management strategy delivery operates on the periphery of the soft skills involving the timeless vision of organizational principles, defining value of the business, determining requirements, clarifying the vision, building teams, mitigating task, resolving issues, and providing direction as incorporated in the operations management system of Apple Company (Jobber, 2012). The corporate strategies of the company are based on production, marketing, human resource, and efficiency monitoring units that are distributed to meet the global business standards. Apple has been able to open an average of 40 stores per year across the world since 2003. This is a clear indicator of growth in the company’s market share. This has been made possible through the introduction of the unique iPhone brand that has won the heart of customers across the world. Through modification of the iPhone brand of the Apple Company products, the company has been declared â€Å"the fastest international roll out† (Apple Inc, 2012, par. 21). Through this, the company’s revenues have grown by 32%. In the year 2008, the 3GS iPhone introduced by the company became available in more than 64 countries within three months (Apple Inc, 2012). This was possible due to the presence of an organized market distribution channel. Appendix: Apple’s 5 year Financial Performance Years 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Revenue 48,678 65,225 108,249 156,508 170,910 Profit 23,678 25,684 43,818 68,662 64,304 Profit Margin 23.2 24.1 25.2 26.3 24.1 Growth Rate 4.3 48.1 45.3 34.1 32.6 Stock Price 213.95 326.66 426.70 644.00 549.42 (Source: Google Finance, 2013) References Apple Inc. (2012). Business Application Development. Retrieved from https://www.apple.com/business/ Google Finance. (2013). Apple’s Financial Performance. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=nasdaq:aapltbm=fin#scso=_tF4TXZbUJ8qwrgSG4KPABQ2:0 Jobber, D. (2012). Principles and practice of marketing.New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishers. This essay on Marketing Plan of Apple Inc Company was written and submitted by user Greyson R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

People Who Drink Alcohol essays

People Who Drink Alcohol essays All people who drink alcohol have different effects towards the drug. These effects can be divided into three different categories; some get happy, some think they get powerful, and a majority gets stupid. Each category can be divided into three different reactions towards the drug. The first category of people, who drink alcohol, is that some get happy. These are the people you see at the clubs buying everyone drinks. Youll also see these people sitting on a bar stool, telling everyone how grateful they are. This category of drinkers is good, if you want to have someone telling you, youre not worthless because you just got dumped. The second categories of people, who drink alcohol, are the ones who get powerful. This is otherwise known as the Superman Syndrome. These are the people who think they can fly and jump over small buildings. These alcohol drinkers are only looking for a rival, someone to test their skills on. Avoid this category of people in any case. If a confrontation does occur never disagree with them. They know not what they do. The last categories of people, who drink alcohol, are the ones who get stupid. After a couple of drinks they start to get loud and irritating. These drinkers spend half the night trying to figure out where they are, how they got there, and how there getting home. A lot of the time there are people around this drinker acting the same way, there fore feeding the problem. These people are both annoying and embarrassing to be around. In conclusion people who drink alcohol can be categorized into three different categories; some get happy, some think they get powerful, and a majority get stupid. Dont be a category. ...

Reactions in Water or Aqueous Solution

Reactions in Water or Aqueous Solution Several types of reactions occur in water. When water is the solvent for a reaction, the reaction is said to occur in aqueous solution, which is denoted by the abbreviation (aq) following the name of a chemical species in a reaction. Three important types of reactions in water are precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions. Precipitation Reactions In a precipitation reaction, an anion and a cation contact each other and an insoluble ionic compound precipitate out of solution. For example, when aqueous solutions of silver nitrate, AgNO3, and salt, NaCl, are mixed, the Ag and Cl- combine to yield a white precipitate of silver chloride, AgCl: Ag(aq) Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) Acid-Base Reactions For example, when hydrochloric acid, HCl, and sodium hydroxide, NaOH, are mixed, the H reacts with the OH- to form water: H(aq) OH-(aq) → H2O HCl acts as an acid by donating H ions or protons and NaOH acts as a base, furnishing OH- ions. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions In an oxidation-reduction or redox reaction, there is an exchange of electrons between two reactants. The species that loses electrons is said to be oxidized. The species that gains electrons are said to be reduced. An example of a redox reaction occurs between a hydrochloric acid and zinc metal, where the Zn atoms lose electrons and are oxidized to form Zn2 ions: Zn(s) → Zn2(aq) 2e- The H ions of the HCl gain electrons and are reduced to H atoms, which combine to form H2 molecules: 2H(aq) 2e- → H2(g) The overall equation for the reaction becomes: Zn(s) 2H(aq) → Zn2(aq) H2(g) Two important principles apply when writing balanced equations for reactions between species in a solution: The balanced equation only includes the species that participate in forming products. For example, in the reaction between AgNO3 and NaCl, the NO3- and Na ions were not involved in the precipitation reaction and were not included in the balanced equation.The total charge must be the same on both sides of a balanced equation. Note that the total charge can be zero or non-zero, as long as it is the same on both the reactants and products sides of the equation.

Case Study of a specific Advertising Campaign Essay

Case Study of a specific Advertising Campaign - Essay Example Following this, the company launched its ‘Happy to Help’ campaign, featuring the popular Hutch mascot (a Pug) and offering excellent customer service to its subscribers. This too was an effort in vain as people still connected the pug to the old brand, counteracting the company’s efforts to establish their presence in the country. This left Vodafone in a difficult situation where they needed to bring out their own mascot which would win over the hearts of the people while simultaneously communicating their USPs to their target audience. As explained by Harit Nagpal, the then Chief Marketing Officer of Vodafone India in an interview to afaqs (2009), Vodafone was acquiring customers at a very fast pace, but a large number of them were unaware of the value added services offered by their telecom service provider. Some of these services, like phone backup, had been available for over two years without being used much. Thus, the marketing team at the organisation felt a need to showcase their array of products and services, build an emotional bond with their customers and still be positioned as a market leader. It was this need that led to the creation of India’s most loved brand mascot in a decade. Conceptualizing the Campaign When in trouble, you turn to your best friend. If Vodafone India had a best friend, it was their multi award-winning ad agency Ogilvy and Mather, which was tasked with coming up with a new mascot and ad campaign to accomplish these goals. According to an interview with Rajiv Rao, Executive Creative Director, South Asia, Ogilvy India, the only brief given to the agency about the desired mascot was that the character had to be ‘simple to a stupefying level’ (afaqs 2009). After much experimentation, the agency came up with characters with humungous ellipsoid heads (with dots for eyes and the mouth) and disproportionately thin bodies clad in white. These ‘Zoozoos’ were simple living characters who spoke a language of their own (quite akin to the tongue of gibberish) and expressed emotions in a manner similar to the emoticons one came across on chat engines and forums. The idea behind using these characters was to portray slightly comical and endearing scenes featuring these Zoozoos where each scene or advertisement was used to portray one value added service to the customer. Each film was shot against a grey background, showing these characters interacting with each other with the product story weaved in. The Beginning of the Campaign Once they were done creating a mascot for an extremely ambitious purpose and shooting advertisements with extremely high expectations, the agency had the unenviable task of deciding when, where and how to launch this campaign. The company’s investment in the previous year’s ‘Indian Premier League’ cricket tournament had failed to make much of an impact on the target audience despite the series shattering the countr y’s television rating records for the past half decade. Therefore, it came as a surprise to most that the agency recommended investing an entire quarter’s advertising budget into the 47 day tournament and that the client complied (4Ps Business and Marketing, 2007). While the company took a huge risk choosing to invest in a venture that had already failed them in the recent past, they incorporated one significant change in their advertising strategy. The idea now was to

Database Logic and Management questions Module 2 Article

Database Logic and Management questions Module 2 - Article Example However, we still need a logical design for the reason that building a physical design without logical design is similar to building a house without blueprints. In fact, the basic purpose of building a logical database design is to ensure that all the entities and their possible relationships required by the database are entirely and exactly identified and described. In view of the fact that logical database design is built using easy to understand symbol and language, hence it can be easily examined and validated as accurate by the end-users. As discussed above, this logical database design works as a guide that is to be followed by the database developers to use as a "blueprint" for developing the physical database model. In this scenario, the information provided in the logical database model is utilized to describe the relational tables, entities, stored procedures, primary and foreign keys, and triggers (Liberty University, 2013). In the past few years, the use of information systems in the healthcare industry has raised to a huge extent. In this scenario, organizing and administrating healthcare resources has turned out to be a challenge in opposition to time, for the reason that having control over the expansion of the disease is now as significant as treating it. Additionally, computerization and automation of clinical firms through information systems containing large databases offers a large number of benefits. In addition, in many researches authors have emphasized on the need to be aware of the situational aspects that force individuals’ comfort with receiving and distributing healthcare information in an electronic arrangement. In this scenario, one suggestion is to investigate severer rule of medical information, for instance, to make sure that stakeholders evidently recognize who they are, for what reason they will collect and distribute the data, what kind of data they will take and even to pose any limitations and restrictions

House of the Spirits Essay Example for Free

House of the Spirits Essay In Isabel Allende’s novel The House of the Spirits, there are two definitive classes of people that are present throughout the novel. The poor class, including the peasants of Tres Marias and the socialist party members, has continual resentment towards the other class, which is the wealthy aristocratic class. The wealthy division of the novel shows little humanity towards the poor, treats the poor as servants, and control all politics involved in the country. The wealthy’s treatment of the lower class shattered the peace experienced by Chile because the poor and the wealthy maintained a struggle to co-exist with such division between their classes. The struggles between the two classes was first established early on in the novel at Tres Marias where Estreban Trueba makes it clear that he is the leader of the land and the rest of the tenants were much less important than him. Trueba was a part of the wealthy class and he takes the peasants that are housed on his land and he takes complete advantage of the people there. Word of his cruelty spread throughout the region, provoking jealous admiration among the men of his class. The peasants hid their daughters and clenched their fists helplessly because they could not confront him. Esteban Trueba was stronger, and he had impunity† (Allende 63). There was nothing that the peasants could do to a man of a higher class and Trueba takes full advantage of this. He acts as though he is untouchable throughout the novel and that the wealthy class can do whatever they please. Esteban Trueba speaks of how he believes that since he is in a higher and wealthier class, he is free to do anything that he wishes, including raping the women of Tres Marias. Esteban sees the people that live on his land as lesser human beings and Esteban believes that poor people are completely ignorant and uneducated. Theyre like children, they cant handle responsibility. How could they know whats best for them? Without [Trueba] theyd be lost (64). This attitude that the wealthy class has for those in the book ignites the resentment felt by the poor class that resounds in the rest of the story. The inequality that is present between these two classes is unbelievable throughout the book that even parts of the wealthy class begin to realize the damage that their right wing government has caused to the lower division of Chile. Even Esteban Trueba’s immediate family senses the problems that the poor face. â€Å"[Clara] now took Blanca with her on her visits to the poor, weighed down with gifts and comfort. ‘This is to assuage our conscience, darling,’ she would explain to Blanca. ‘But it doesnt help the poor. They dont need charity, they need justice’† (136). Because of this unequal treatment of the classes and the resentment that the poor held for the wealthy, the two classes could not continue to co-exist. The incessant struggle that the lower class faced when the wealthy controlled everything forced them to begin a revolution so that they can finally take control of their own lives instead of living to please the wealthy. Throughout the novel, the wealthy controlled every part of the country’s government and therefore, they controlled the country as a whole until the day that Esteban Trueba lost the election and the socialist party came to power. This is when the poor finally ceased to be dominated by the wealthy. â€Å"They lit torches, and the jumble of voices and dancing in the streets became a disciplined, jubilant procession that advanced toward the well-tended avenues of the bourgeoisie, creating the unaccustomed spectacle of ordinary citizens – factory workers in their heavy work shoes, women with babies in their arms, students in shirt-sleeves – calmly marching through the private, expensive neighborhood where they had rarely ventured before, and in which they were complete foreigners† (340). After the socialist victory there was room for a class that was previously completely blocked from the wealthy areas of living as well as in the government. The poor and the wealthy became much more even in terms of rights which, in turn, made the two classes much less divided. With such deplorable treatment of the lower class, the two classes could never co-exist peacefully unless there was a dramatic change in Chile. With a socialist victory over the conservatives, there was room for the differences between the poor and the wealthy to be diminished and for the country to be diplomatic.

Analysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson :: Because Could Stop Death Dickinson Essays

Analysis of "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" by Emily Dickinson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poets of the nineteenth century wrote on a variety of topics. One often used topic is that of death. The theme of death has been approached in many different ways. Emily Dickinson is one of the numerous poets who uses death as the subject of several of her poems. In her poem "Because I Could Not Stop for Death," death is portrayed as a gentleman who comes to give the speaker a ride to eternity. Throughout the poem, Dickinson develops her unusual interpretation of death and, by doing so, composes a poem full of imagery that is both unique and thought provoking. Through Dickinson's precise style of writing, effective use of literary elements, and vivid imagery, she creates a poem that can be interpreted in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The precise form that Dickinson uses throughout "Because" helps convey her message to the reader. The poem is written in five quatrains. The way in which each stanza is written in a quatrain gives the poem unity and makes it easy to read. "I Could Not Stop for Death" gives the reader a feeling of forward movement through the second and third quatrain. For example, in line 5, Dickinson begins death's journey with a slow, forward movement, which can be seen as she writes, "We slowly drove-He knew no haste." The third quatrain seems to speed up as the trinity of death, immortality, and the speaker pass the children playing, the fields of grain, and the setting sun one after another. The poem seems to get faster and faster as life goes through its course. In lines 17 and 18, however, the poem seems to slow down as Dickinson writes, "We paused before a House that seemed / A Swelling of the Ground-." The reader is given a feeling of life slowly ending. Another way in which Dickinson uses the form of the poem to convey a message to the reader occurs on line four as she writes, "And Immortality." Eunice Glenn believes that the word "Immortality" is given a line by itself to show its importance (qtd. in Davis 107). Perhaps the most notable way in which Dickinson uses form is when she ends the poem with a dash. Judith Farr believes that the dash seems to indicate that the poem is never ending, just as eternity is never ending (331). In conclusion, Dickinson's form helps the reader begin to comprehend the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Figurative language is one of the literary elements that Dickinson uses to help convey hidden messages to the reader.

Theory of knowledge

What are the methods of the historians and how do they compare with other methodologies: First of all, we have to know what is the definition of history: It is a branch of knowledge dealing with past events, political, social, economic, of a country, continent, or the world. It is an orderly description of past events. It is also a train of events connected with a person or thing. Secondly I will define what is a method. It is 1) a system, orderliness, 2) it is a way of doing something 3) doing things with 4) it is a science or study of something. The differences between the facts of the past and historical facts: We all know, or think we know, what a fact is: a reliable piece of information, something we know to be, in the common sense meaning of the word â€Å"true†. We also know, or think we know, what an historical fact is. Give examples. These are facts, definite pieces of historical knowledge, close perhaps to the natural scientific knowledge the nineteenth century historians wanted to use as their model of knowledge. But these facts are only the start of history, only the foundation on which history is built. History is not the facts of the past alone but the processing of these facts into a coherent, meaningful interpretation of the past with which these facts are concerned. â€Å"History is the interpretation of these facts, the processing of them into a narrative with causes and effects.† These facts, these pieces of information about the past are important to historians. Historians must be certain of their accuracy, must have confidence in their integrity before they can confidently interpret them for their contemporaries. Historians collect their facts from whenever they can. Certain historical facts, mostly those obtained from archives, may be collected directly by historians themselves. Historians can visit public records offices or churches and examine historical documents directly. Epigraphy is an interesting example of such a discipline. It is the study of ancient inscriptions: letters and words and symbols, chiselled, moulded or embossed on stones. E.g.: the Rosetta stone: it is an inscribed stone found near Rosetta in northern Egypt in 1799. History is a selection: Historians make history by selecting facts and processing them and it is the processing that creates history. History has been described as an enormous jig saw with lots of bits missing. Historians try to create the missing pieces. They can only do this by selecting from all the information available to them. What evidence we have for this comes, of course, from the people in the middle Ages who wrote about their own lives and times. And the people who wrote about their own lives and times in the middle Ages in Europe were monks and priests. Imaginative understanding is an important part of an historian's skill, but imaginative understanding varies from historian to historian. They have to imaginatively understand the minds of the older people. The only way they can do this is by using their own thought processes. Historians recognize that to portray history is impossible. They cannot really be sure of the motives of the writers of the archive documents. â€Å"The past can only be seen through the eyes of the present†. Historian should present their records of the past. Ranke and his fellow nineteenth century historians believed that not only was it possible to present the past â€Å"How it really was† but they also believed they were doing exactly that when they wrote their history books. The historian's job was to collect together a proven body of facts and present them to the readers. Is history a unique area of knowledge? We have seen that natural sciences, mathematics and logic, and the social sciences have distinctive areas of knowledge. Can a similar claim be made for history? YES of course it can be made!!!!. One way of answering this question is to look at the work of historians. As we do this, we should ask ourselves the question † What do historians do that scientists, mathematicians and social scientists do not do?†!!!!!. Four different stages exists: 1) Recording: Some scholars collect records and preserve evidence from the past. If we stick to our definition of historians as interpreters of facts these scholars are not historians in our sense of the word. They are archivists and curators, collectors and preservers. E.G: Nothing is moved until photographs are taken, measurements made and meticulous records compiled of everything that is there and exactly where it is. That is the work of the historical researchers who record and preserve evidence from the past. Every objects is recorded and, as far as possible identified. The historical knowledge these Historians have is no different from the knowledge of natural science: it is empirical and of course objective. Give example of the titanic. 2) Assessment: These historians asses the evidence they have, compare it to other similar evidences that might be available and come to the conclusion that Holden's room are indeed a unique historical event. 3) Reconstructing the past: Having assessed the evidence and accepted its importance, historians now have to use it, to infer from it and to reconstruct the past. They use evidences. Historians also are interested in reconstructing beyond the obvious. They attempt to reconstruct the values of a wealthy youth 100 years ago. 4) Interpreting: Historians ask themselves questions. They might compare the artefacts with other atifacts for instance†¦ Historians' ways of knowing are distinct. They record, assess, reconstruct and interpret in a way that others scholars do not. Historians continually reinterpret the events of the past and reappraise them for each new generation. Historical sources: Primary and secondary sources: The problem with the past is that it has passed. It has gone. The idea of all time past, and present, running parallel is intriguing but until we have the technology to explore other times in reality, we have to explore the past through what the past has left us, through the multitude of artefacts surviving from times past. Historians use what they term PRIMARY SOURCES as their main access to the past. Secondary sources are also available: these are sources of information provided by other historians. Primary sources are the bedrock of history. They include every conceivable type of documents: maps, treaties, churches and temple records, imperial archive documents, letters, legal records, diaries, newspapers, catalogues and even bus tickets. They can be formal or informal, private or public, serious or frivolous. Primary sources also include artefacts. Unlike science, say, history is often criticized for serving no purpose. We are unable to learn from history, it is argued, either because precisely the same circumstances as in the past cannot arise again in future, or because if sufficiently similar circumstances did arise, we would not be able to act differently. In the natural sciences we have both statements of immediate observations, reporting for instance the outcome of an experiment, and general laws from which we can derive predictions. These two kinds of statements are justified in quite different ways: observational statements by perception. The evidence, not necessarily written, which historical research is based on are the ‘sources'. Sources need not be items that go back to the time in history which is being studied, but can be texts written since then about that time: the former are called primary, and the latter secondary sources. There are two main questions that must be asked regarding primary sources. The first of these concerns their authenticity, or genuineness. Suppose that we have, for instance, a painting of a particular historical event; then the painter may have added or omitted certain details to please his customer, or to make it a better painting, he may not have been there himself and have used incomplete accounts, the painting could even be a later forgery, and so on. The other question concerns their completeness. We must bear in mind that the material available to us has already been systematically selected, in a variety of ways: we tend to know more about the upper classes of the societies we study, because it is largely their doings that were recorded, while we find many ruins in some parts of the world, little remains of the wooden structures that were more common elsewhere, and so on. On one side there are those who hold that historical explanation must be like the scientific explanation of an event: to understand an historical event, we must have a general, or ‘covering' law, so that from this law and a description of the historical situation we can deduce that the event would happen. For even where history is capable of being objective, there are problems with the ‘evidence' it is based on, as we have seen: the sources available may not be authentic, and they will certainly be incomplete. And to the extent that history is (necessarily) subjective, i.e. a matter of the position from which it is written, historical accounts or explanations are liable to the problem of bias, i.e. partiality, tendentiousness or even prejudice. The historian cannot be objective about the period, which is his subject. In this he differs (to his intellectual advantage) from its most typical ideologists, who believed that the progress of technology, ‘positive science' and society made it possible to view their present with the unanswerable impartiality of the natural scientist, whose methods they believed themselves (mistakenly) to understand. For much of the time that history has been written, the work of the historian was not thought to be particularly problematic — as long as he had the right intentions, he would just try to discover the truth, and †tell how it really was.† The first law for the historian is that he shall never dare utter an untruth. The second is that he shall suppress nothing that is true. Moreover, there shall be no suspicion of partiality in his writing, or of malice. History, then, is not, as it has so often been misdescribed, a story of successive events or an account of change. Unlike the natural scientist, the historian is not concerned with events as such at all. He is only concerned with those events, which are the outward expression of thoughts. †¦ Theory of Knowledge Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher and a mathematician who is generally recognized as one of the founders of analytic philosophy. He, like many other people was searching for proof and evidence of us- people being rational animals, whose thoughts and actions are reasonable and sensible. Reason is a way of knowing in which we build up explanations by refining independent ideas and theories in order to reach a logical conclusion or in other words we use reason to decide whether something is correct or wrong. Through observations and experiments we can prove by reason if our hypothesis was right, and by this broaden our knowledge horizons. Reason is present as much as in everyday choice making, as it is present in science, mathematics and other areas of knowledge. However reason is not always the most useful way of knowledge, for example in music and arts, as we are not robots and we also rely on our emotions and perception. So how can we gain truth by reason, when there are so many different opinions and emotions involved? Reason can help us gain knowledge, but only to a certain extent and therefore it has its strengths and weaknesses, which I am going to discuss in my essay. In science logic and reason are said to be the core element to get a valid conclusion, but there are some contradictions and exceptions to this general judgment. For example in biology, we use reason and logic to make a hypothesis, and then through several experiments or observations, we can obtain a valid and logical conclusion, which will support our hypothesis. As an example, a biology class, had to run an experiment to find out the presence of glucose and starch in two different food solutions. In two test tubes A and B, two different food solutions, which are unknown to the students, are found. The class divided into four different groups and each group had to add chemicals such as iodine for starch and benedicts solution for glucose to find out, in which test tube was each solution. If starch was present the solution had to turn from blue to black, and for glucose it had to change from blue to orange. Group 1, was successful and their one solution turned to black, proving that it has starch in it and the other turned orange demonstrating that it has glucose. Group 2 however, had a negative outcome, as both of their solutions did not change color, therefore showing that it has none of the solutions present. One of the solutions of group 3 turned green, instead of orange, therefore contradicting the hypothesis and the whole theory. By this example we see that logic and reason, has its own uncertainties and doubts. Reason can sometimes obscure our knowledge if we see something, which contradicts our initial theory. This logic is quite similar to perception, as we need to use our five senses- see, hear, touch, taste and smell to acquire a rational verdict. In music and art, I think that reason as a way of knowing has both advantages and disadvantages. We cannot express our opinion on a piece of music or a piece of art without bringing up emotion and perception. A composer cannot write music without any feelings, same as an artist cannot paint without inspiration through his senses. A piece of music however requires some basic reason. For example if a composer needs to write a concerto for a violin, he will not write a concerto for a piano, and no other instrument than a violin can replace it. This is very basic reason, but we can see that it is present in creative arts. I am an IB Art student and I know that reason has little to do with it. Making art is based mostly on emotion and on the way we feel or what we think at a certain moment. Art comes from the heart, and reason is only present when we need to know which two colors for example make purple or what do we need to do to make a canvas. Add reason Another demonstration of advantages and disadvantages of reason is present the case of superstitions. In many cultures superstitions make up a lot of beliefs that are carried throughout generations. For example it is said that it is bad luck to go forward of a black cat has passed your way. Even though I have never heard anyone claim that he or she has bad luck because of a cat passing his or her way, I would still rather prefer to avoid it, as I was brought up with this and I actually started to believe in it. Even though there is no scientific prove of this superstition and common logic experience says that this is not true, most people would still avoid it. Therefore reason can be very objective, in a way that it can differ from different cultures and dissimilar beliefs. Mathematics is the one area where reason plays a fundamental part. Reason is the basis on which mathematics is founded. Before any mathematical theorem can be taken as true, it must be backed by a reasonable mathematical proof that shows, that the answer got is correct. This type of empirical, reasonable verification shows that of all the areas of knowledge, mathematics uses reason the most. In mathematics, an answer is either wrong or right. There is no midpoint in mathematics. Without reason, all mathematical arguments would naturally fail, and so if a mathematical statement cannot be fortified with reason, the statement should be rejected. Mathematics is the only area of knowledge where every statement must be backed up by reason. Reason itself is not enough to explain such things as the origins of the universe, or right and wrong, and so reason can and should be complemented by other sources of knowledge. Reason can be used when the sense misinformed us. For example when you put a straw in water senses tell us that the straw is bent, because it looks like it, but through reason we deduce that the straw is straight. Therefore reason is more reliable than our senses and is used more effectively. For the conclusion, I should discuss whether in the end our knowledge can be obtained purely by logic and reason, or it needs the support of human emotion and perception to give us reasonable comprehension of our existence. â€Å"Man is a rational animal who always loses his temper when called upon to act in accordance with the dictates of reason,†- this is a quote by Oscar Wilde. I agree with him as I think that emotions and feelings often overtake reason, as we are more driven by our desires, fears and passion than logic and rationality. I think that pure reason cannot exist without other ways of knowledge, and has its strengths and weaknesses. Reason is valid when it is not contradicted by anyone, but can we call something rational knowledge when someone disputes it? Reason within its domain is very reliable, as for example in mathematics, you can be almost one hundred percent certain that something is true, and this is the main strength of reason. I think that in all the other areas of knowledge, reason has many weaknesses. Reason always needs input from another source and therefore can only be reliable as its source of data. In the arts, in the absence of inspiration, no great work can be done, however reason is present in the mixing of colors and proportion and so on. Science without any data has no use of reason, and is therefore unreliable. My conclusion to this essay is that reason always needs input from another source and therefore can only be reliable as its source of data. Theory of Knowledge How do we acquire our knowledge? Don’t we acquire our knowledge through our senses? We know something is round because we have seen it and we have touched it. A blind person can distinguish a sphere from a cube, because of the sense of touch. But can a blind person really know what the difference between green and purple are? Maybe, but it might be a hard one to explain because you cannot really explain what light and dark is if a blind person has not really seen these differences. The eyes might not be the true organ of sight but in my opinion it is one of the necessary things needed to acquire knowledge. But what is sight? What is knowledge? According to the Oxford Dictionary sight is defined as the faculty or power of seeing, and knowledge is information and skills acquired through experience or education. The definition of sight from the Oxford Dictionary did not connect it with the word knowledge for knowledge helps us to describe the object that we are seeing. For example, if we look at an object with our eyes without any knowledge of what is being perceived, the object that we are seeing will be just an unknown object to us. The object being perceived does not contain that much meaning to it for the lack of knowledge. So is knowledge really the true organ of sight? It is to some extent for we cannot fully comprehend what we see if we did not have the previous knowledge to describe what we see and without seeing I think it makes it a little bit harder to acquire enough knowledge to fully describe what is around us. Can knowledge be only achieved by seeing? How do blind people acquire their knowledge without their eyes? I think they gain knowledge by experience, touching and hearing. They learn things differently than people who can see because they probably create their own images of what we see. It is through knowledge of what they have experienced that they â€Å"see† what is put infront of them. For us who can see and have been seeing in our life time gain knowledge from what we see and what we have experienced. All these contribute to us gaining knowledge of the world. Perception, defined as the act or faculty of apprehending by means of the senses or of the mind. This plays a vital role in some subjects rather than others because some just require more understanding than the rest. It is important to understand what you learn before practicing. In short, our senses do give us to a certain extent knowledge and this works together with the sense of perception. Theory of Knowledge How do we acquire our knowledge? Don’t we acquire our knowledge through our senses? We know something is round because we have seen it and we have touched it. A blind person can distinguish a sphere from a cube, because of the sense of touch. But can a blind person really know what the difference between green and purple are? Maybe, but it might be a hard one to explain because you cannot really explain what light and dark is if a blind person has not really seen these differences. The eyes might not be the true organ of sight but in my opinion it is one of the necessary things needed to acquire knowledge. But what is sight? What is knowledge? According to the Oxford Dictionary sight is defined as the faculty or power of seeing, and knowledge is information and skills acquired through experience or education. The definition of sight from the Oxford Dictionary did not connect it with the word knowledge for knowledge helps us to describe the object that we are seeing. For example, if we look at an object with our eyes without any knowledge of what is being perceived, the object that we are seeing will be just an unknown object to us. The object being perceived does not contain that much meaning to it for the lack of knowledge. So is knowledge really the true organ of sight? It is to some extent for we cannot fully comprehend what we see if we did not have the previous knowledge to describe what we see and without seeing I think it makes it a little bit harder to acquire enough knowledge to fully describe what is around us. Can knowledge be only achieved by seeing? How do blind people acquire their knowledge without their eyes? I think they gain knowledge by experience, touching and hearing. They learn things differently than people who can see because they probably create their own images of what we see. It is through knowledge of what they have experienced that they â€Å"see† what is put infront of them. For us who can see and have been seeing in our life time gain knowledge from what we see and what we have experienced. All these contribute to us gaining knowledge of the world. Perception, defined as the act or faculty of apprehending by means of the senses or of the mind. This plays a vital role in some subjects rather than others because some just require more understanding than the rest. It is important to understand what you learn before practicing. In short, our senses do give us to a certain extent knowledge and this works together with the sense of perception.

History 1301

Wooster U. S. HISTORY 1301 – Triad E Review Guide: Exam Two Fall 2011 As stated in the syllabus, your second History exam, covering the second section of the course, will be on October 28. This will be a closed-book test; no books, notes, or electronic devices are to be used during the exam. Blue books will be provided for you to write your answers in; all you’ll need to bring is a couple of pens or pencils to write with. Leave backpacks, books, etc. , either at the front of the room or along the aisles when you come in, being careful to take personal valuables with you to your seat. As there is not a class before us, we will open the room at 9:45 for those of you wanting a little extra time. Students will not be permitted into the room after 10:10. Readings terms – On parts I and II of the exam, you will be responsible for the following terms, names, etc. , from the assigned readings: Lewis and Clark Expedition Black Hawk War Trails of Tears Benjamin Franklin Bache Hinton Rowan Helper Thomas Larkin Nathan Appleton â€Å"war hawks† Denmark Vesey Juan Seguin Tecumseh The Impending Crisis Juan Bautista Alvarado Alexis de Tocqueville David Walker Robert Fulton Prophet’s Town George Fitzhugh Sarah Bagley Part I: Chronologies (20 pts. ) Six of the following topics will appear on the exam. Each topic will then have three persons, events, or trends listed under it. You will then need to place the persons, events, or trends in their proper chronological order. The majority of the subjects for the chronologies will come from the lectures; a few will come from the list of readings terms above. You will be asked to answer four of the six chronology topics. Ratification of the Constitution Political party developments and changes Relations with England â€Å"Assertive diplomacy† following the War of 1812 Bank â€Å"war† Changing systems of production Territorial expansion Relations with Indians War of 1812 â€Å"generations† of slave experiences Nullification Part II: Matching (30 pts. ) There will be ten matching questions, each worth three points. On these, you will need to give the letter which best describes or corresponds with the numbered person or event in question. Six of these will come from the lectures, and four from the list of readings terms above. Part III: In-class essay (50 pts. ) The class will vote to delete one of the following questions. Two of the remaining four questions will appear on the exam. You will be required to answer one of those two. The questions are not designed to be mutually 1 Wooster Fall 2011 exclusive; that is, information used in answering one question might also be used in answering another. Also please remember that you need to include specific evidence and examples, and that you need to use appropriate academic discourse in writing for your audience. As such, remember to: ? be specific and thorough; ? rovide as many examples as you can; ? EXPLAIN the evidence; many of you lost valuable points by not explaining things, and by not telling the reader why they were so important (ask yourself, â€Å"so what? †) ? provide some sort of context; ? use paragraphs (which will help you structure your essay); ? use topic sentences (to help introduce what you will say in that paragraph); ? write at least a brief conclusion. We do not want to trick you. If you have questions, please feel free to ask them in class, to drop by during my office hours, or to ask your seminar leader. . Discuss the constitutional convention at Philadelphia and the process by which the constitution was ratified, making sure to explain the perspectives of Federalists as well as anti-Federalists. Why was James Madison so frustrated with the Confederation? Why was Patrick Henry so fearful of the proposed constitution? How did they attempt to counter the other’s arguments? Use the lectures, the essay on Madison and Henry, and the textbook to write a complete answer. 2. Discuss the views of Alexander Hamilton on the federal government. What things did he believe the government needed to do in order for the nation to succeed? Why? How did he justify his views, in light of the limitations imposed upon the federal government by the constitution? Why did Democratic-Republicans like Benjamin Franklin Bache oppose Hamilton’s efforts? Explain, using the lectures, the essay on Hamilton and Bache, and the Created Equal textbook to write a complete answer. 3. Discuss slavery in the antebellum United States, from an institutional as well as the slaves’ perspective. Make sure and explain both of these perspectives, as well as the criticisms of Hinton Rowan Helper. Use the lectures, the essay on Hinton Rowan Helper and George Fitzhugh, and the Created Equal textbook to write a complete answer. 4. Voter turnout increased from 27% in 1824 (the disputed election between Jackson, Clay, Adams, and Crawford) to 80% in 1840 (Harrison’s triumph). What issues, personalities, political parties, and campaign techniques explain this dramatic change in voter behavior? Use the lectures and the Created Equal textbook to write a complete answer. . Discuss the territorial expansion of the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century, making sure to discuss the Louisiana Purchase, the Transcontinental Treaty, the annexation of Texas, and the acquisition of California and the Southwest from Mexico. How did Americans explain and justify this expansion? How were Tejanos and Californios treated during this process? Explain, making sure to use t he lectures, the essay on Thomas Larkin and Juan Bautista Alvarado, and the Created Equal textbook to write a complete answer. 2

buy custom Increasing Student Engagement and Its Effect in Mathematics essay

buy custom Increasing Student Engagement and Its Effect in Mathematics essay The stereotype encircling mathematics in the education sector has been hindering students from prospering in the subject. The pre-established notion contributes to a large part in student in developing a perception that succeeding in the subject is a challenge. From this perspective, mathematics has been perceived as subject for a few to excel. In response to the alarming stereotype on mathematics, various approaches are formulated to improve the situation and ensure students receive better grades in the subject. The article, improving student achievement in mathematics, is informative on procedure toward improving the worsening situation. The article calls for comprehensive engagement of students during learning to introduce or develop a concept from practical platform. In addition, the article illustrates the importance of establishing activities during learning that relates to the topic at hand. This contributes to developing concepts and ensuring students participate fully in the intended assignment. From this perspective, prosperity in mathematics can be achieved through collective action, change of established notions on the subject and promoting comprehensive student engagement. Notably, engaging students during learning is fundamental in facilitating visualization of the concepts in line with the syllabus expectations. From a personal perspective, activity centers are instrument in improving mathematics achievement in a classroom setting. The fact that student engagement can be achieved through activity centers, changes in the education system can foster developing mathematical concepts based on activity centers. Notably, scope of learning hugely involves interactions between educators and students. Therefore, deploying a method that maximizes interaction through activity objectives of learning can be achieved. In this case, activity centers are relevant in promoting engagement and achieve better grades in mathematics. The fact that mathematical concepts can be approached from a practical perspective, utilizing activity centers in classroom facilitates goal achievement. Therefore, activity centers not only established concepts in mathematics practically but also effective in improving students grades in the subject. Buy custom Increasing Student Engagement and Its Effect in Mathematics essay

The Dangers of Prompt Dependence

The Dangers of Prompt Dependence Prompt dependence comes when a student needs a prompt in order to initiate a skill or activity. Often the skill is mastered, but prompting  is so much a part of the students expectations that they will not initiate and sometimes complete an activity without adult prompting.  Often this happens because the parent, therapist, teacher or teachers aide lays on the verbal prompting thick and consistently. Example Case of Prompt Dependency Rodney would sit and wait for Miss Eversham to tell him to start before he would begin the papers in his folder. Miss Eversham realized that Rodney had developed prompt dependency, relying on her giving verbal prompts for him to complete his folder. Dont Talk Too Much Prompting is an important part of scaffolding success with special education students, starting small and working toward more complex academic, functional or vocational skills. More often than not, children who become prompt dependent are those whose classroom aides are not always attentive to the fact that they give verbal prompts for everything. In other words, they talk too much. Too often, students get stuck on the continuum of prompts at the verbal prompt level and require the teacher to verbally direct them in order for them to complete the task or skill. Students can even be stuck at the hand over hand level some  students even need to take the teacher or aides hand and place it on their own hand before using scissors or even attempting to write with a writing utensil. Fading for Independence In each of the cases above, the problem was the failure to attend to the level of independence the child has developed and promptly fade out the prompts. If you start with hand over hand, as soon as you can loosen or relax your grasp, move toward the next level, moving your hand from the students hand to their wrist, to their elbow and then simply tapping the back of the hand. For other kinds of activities, especially for students have mastered the component parts of a larger skill (such as dressing) it is possible to begin with a higher level of prompting. It is important to avoid verbal prompting if possible.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Visual prompts are best, such as pictures of the student completing the activity, step by step. Once your student has clearly mastered the component parts, then employ gestural prompts alongside the verbal prompts, then withdraw or fade, the verbal prompts to finally leave only the gestural prompts, ending with independence. Independence should always be the goal of any educational program, and moving form prompting to independence is always the goal of an ethical and proactive teacher.   Be sure you are providing the kind of support that leads to independence.

Introduction to Language and Communication - Assignment Essay

Introduction to Language and Communication - Assignment - Essay Example ge of the universe, evolution, the non-existence of a global flood, as well as every other science, which contradicts the Bible when analyzed literally. To consider this fallacy, we can place these two statements in their logical form that (1) thinking that the atom was the smallest particle ever to be discovered was a mistake and (2) evolution in science is a mistake (Aubusson et al., 2006). The reason being that if evolution was not a reality, then it would not be for the similar reason that science considered that the atom was the tiniest particle to ever exist. Science was wrong in this case since it lacked the entire truth because of discoveries that were not yet made during that period. If evolution was false, then each and every discovery made by science and their facts confirmed, would still be dead wrong (Aubusson et al., 2006). This would be an effort of unimaginable proportions, as well as effects, which would unravel the basis of scientific inquiry in addition to their un derstanding. In Shakespeare’s famous play, Hamlet, the protagonist asks the Lord whether he knows him, which was the first of the make questions that Hamlet directed towards the vacuous Polonius (Shakespeare & Mueller, 2002). The reason for the many questions was, in fact, Hamlet’s feeling that Polonius compelled Ophelia to leave him. In his view, Polonius went ahead to sacrifice his daughter’s contentment so as to get closer to the King (Shakespeare & Mueller, 2002). Thus, â€Å"fishmonger† is, at times, depicted as a slang word for â€Å"pimp,† in spite of the reality that there lacks adequate proof that the word was utilized that way during Shakespeare’s era. Here Hamlet used paradox principle by claiming that he wished that Polonius could be as honest as a fishmonger, which was to imply that he, in reality meant that Polonius was lower than the lowest form of low (Shakespeare & Mueller, 2002). He went ahead to claim that, in order to be honest, you h ave to picked from a group

Evolution of Color Vision in Mammals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolution of Color Vision in Mammals - Essay Example Along with visual system alterations, these changes have caused significant differences in the salience and nature of mammal color vision (Schwab et al 11). This paper will seek to discuss how color vision has evolved in mammals, especially with regards to marsupials, dolphins, and primates, discussing the relevant biological mechanisms, color vision utility, and variations in color vision among the listed mammals. Majority of mammals are not able to distinguish color at all, instead living in a sort of black and white environment. Primates and marsupials are among the few mammals that can distinguish colors, which is proved by the distinct cells present in their retinas that are able to visualize colors (Schwab et al 23). Cone cells are fundamental in the ability to distinguish colors, thus color vision, while rod cells are found in animals that do not have the ability for color vision. Majority of mammals only possess the rod cells, except primates and marsupials. ... There are only two types of rods; one that has a short wavelength sensation, which enables it to sense blue color, and another for long wavelength sensation that allows it to sense for red color (Schwab et al 24). Color vision evolved from a vision in black and white with long wavelength sensing rods separated into red cones that sense red color and green cones that sense green color. Marsupials have also been found to have three forms of cones. As might be expected, color vision evolution in marsupials was distinct from the evolution of color vision in primates. This led to some distinct differences. The three cones that marsupials possess are not blue, red, and green. Rather, they are ultra violet, blue, and red because the rods for short wavelength sensing separated into ultra violet and blue cones (Gegenfurtner et al 44). However, as of today, no one knows what color sensations these cones have. The only way to find out something about marsupial vision is through behavioral testi ng. The quendka and cathemeral dunnart marsupials have trichromatic vision that is different to that of primates since their S-cones can sense UV light, whereas the L-cones of the fat-tailed dunnart have a special sensitivity for the spectral region in the green-yellow region. It has been hypothesized that the L and M cones combine to allow for sensing of brown and cryptically colored green. For the honey possum, the L-cones evolved to a further length than for fellow marsupials that conferred yellow-red sensitivity (Gegenfurtner et al 44). Color vision evolution for primates differs greatly compared to other eutharians. Primates are thought to

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Summary - Assignment Example In their analysis they try to define different concept including taint management, development of self-identity and how differences in gender are dealt with within the professions that were explored. The researchers analyzed and interpreted that in order to manage taint in two different professions including firefighting and law enforcement, the professionals and the management should rely on the open communication of work identity in terms of gender. Both the professions of firefighting as well as correction contain various tasks that can be categorized as dirty work. These professions comprises of several forms of taints including psychical, status, moral and social taints. Taints in firefighting include running into buildings that are on fire and they deal with clients that may be calling the firefighters just to benefit from the social welfare provided by the government. There is a huge difference in how firefighters refer to different parts of their jobs as dirty work. Some of the work that may not be really dirty may be referred to as severely dirty by the fire fighters such as taking an addict to a hospital. On the other hand a task that is severely dirty may not be categorized as dirty by the firefighters such as the task of breaking into burning structures of building. In case of police officers their dirty work includes similar jobs that are conducted by firefighters. The researchers identified that the physical as well as social taints that existed in correctional work included chaperoning prisoners to bathroom which was mostly done by males and caring for inmates which is mostly done by females (Tracy, 2006, p.15). In case of ethical and status taints, the work of law enforcement officers is considered as deviant. In the case of correction officers even easier jobs such as providing toilet paper to the inmates is considered as severely dirty. There are various reasons that help in explaining why

Impacts and Causes of Quality Implementation Failures

Impacts and Causes of Quality Implementation Failures INTRODUCTION: Due to, the increased competitiveness and arduous customers who desire to have high quality products at lowest prices; quality is acknowledged as a source of competitive advantage and have a higher strategic importance, is essential for success. (Spector and Beer 1994; Eskildson 1994) studies have shown that in organizations there are a lot of quality implementation failures, causes for theses failures are due to environmental uncertainty, Firm orientation, and Total quality management (TQM) was not properly addressed. (Puffer and McCarthy 1996) Â   Â   UNCERTAINTY: It means lack of assurance, about something and facts in decision making (Duncan 1972; Lawrence and Lorsch 1967). ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY: It is a state, when conditions are constantly changing within a business environment (jauch and kraft 1986). Environmental uncertainty takes place by complete customer knowledge and for more worth in products and services. It has promoted the business scene, accordingly, feat of any organization now rely more on its ability for delivering quality products and services to customers. So, Business organizations are now confronted with a triangle of problems that they must sort out for building sustainability and success. This is by practicing uncertainty, strategy, and quality. UNCERTAINTY DIMENSIONS: Environmental uncertainty rises or falls as environments differ along five simple dimensions: Homogeneity-heterogeneity: It is the number and range of areas having impact on the organization. Concentration- dispersion: it is interconnection between components of the environment Stability-turbulence: The rate and scale of change in the environment Resource Scarcity- Resource Munificence: richness and accessibility of resources Hostility-Supportiveness: it is the degree of competition and level of getting of the organization The challenge of current companies is to endure and grow while growing in a complex and harsh international market. Change has to be eternal, for example, as the attainment of new abilities. Change can thus only be observed as the important attitude of an organization. By evaluating this environment offers vision of the unique changes, the effects of these changes have on a firms strategies, and the making of special methods required understanding them. CHANGE MANAGEMENT Organizational change management (OCM): It is an organization structural process, used for safeguarding that changes are easily and effectively implemented, and that the lifelong benefits of change can be accomplished. CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODELS: KOTTERS EIGHTS STEPS TO CHANGE This model copes for knowing and handling change. Every stage admits an important principle linking to peoples reaction and approach to change, where people understand, sense and then make change. The model is intended on research which demonstrates that there are eight critical steps an organization or team demands to use in order to make sure that change occurs and sticks properly. (Kotter, 1996) BRIDGE TRANSITION MODEL: With the support of Bridge transition model, we can have awareness about the feelings of our workers and operate conditions according to the way that hold the changes committedly. It is a three phase procedure, where people slowly adopted the facts of new circumstances and the change that derived with it. ROGERS TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION CURVE: It defines the acceptance or adoption of a new innovation or product, along with the psychological and demographic features of acceptor groups. It is exemplified as bell curve. The model shows that first group of people that use a new product is innovators, and subsequent is early adopters. Next group is early and late majority and the last group that finally accept a product are called laggards. The curve makes the base of 5 step procedure of technology adoption; Knowledge, Persuasion, Decision, Implementation. KUBLER- ROSS FIVE STAGE MODEL This Model was developed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in 1960s. It is use to describe the grieving procedures. She suggests a sequence of feelings practiced by fatally ill patients before death, in which the five stages are anger, bargaining, depression denial, and acceptance. The Change Curve was a firm feature in change management circles By the 1980s. The curve, and its related emotions, can be accustomed to predict that how performance is probably affected by the declaration and following implementation of a vital change. PROSCI ADKAR model This Model offers a modest and action-focused five-step procedure. It is used by managers, directors and even workers to recognize and eliminate fences for making positive change. Individuals make changes effectively when they contain the essential Awareness, Knowledge, Desire, Ability and Reinforcement. PARTICIPATORY METHODS: It contains a sequence of actions with a common line. It allows common people to play a dynamic and significant role in making choices which affect their lives (Participatory Methodology Facilitation Guide, 2000). This method is used by publics, researchers, and donors. Its outcome is involvements of local realities, and it direct towards a well-supported and permanent social change. EXTENT OF UNCERTAINTY: It is the degree of rise in environmental vitality and intricacy (Johnson and Scholes 1999). Therefore, in complex environmental situations there are, larger level of uncertainty in the environment . Low uncertainty: An environmental change affecting the uncertainty is low. For example, variations in customer tastes are low, perhaps because of there are less factors that influence on demand. Moderate uncertainty: It links between low complexity and high dynamism. High uncertainty: The environment is extremely dynamic a d intricate and the links among the modules of the environment and the organization are uncertain. This makes selections more problematic. For instance, the broadcastings business is facing some uncertainties about technology, government rules, demand etc. All these uncertainties link in changeable techniques and use to predict the environment and improve reasonable choices. Strategy and Environmental Uncertainty They are closely related to environmental uncertainty. The degree of uncertainty perhaps is objective and assessable or subjective and apparent. The significant matter is that in such environments how organizations behave. (Zahra, 1987) determines that businesses that follow diverse type of strategic aspects will be inclined to observe their environment in a different way. (Hambrick, 1983), (Miller, 1986), (Snow and Hrebiniak, 1980) usually determined that these strategy types acts inversely under different environmental situations. STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH UNCERTAINTY IN ORGANIZATIONS: There are number of strategies that are used by organizations to encounter uncertainties of the business environment. (Miles and Snow, 1978) strategy is a strong description of the strategic behavior of organizations. It redirects a wide number of strategies and complete view to strategy conceptualization (Venkatraman, 1989). Four Basic Strategy types: The organizations can implement one of four approaches when retorting to uncertainty in their environment: (Miles and Snow, 1978) Prospector: (Miles and Snow, 1978) organizations adopted or follows this strategy is highly advanced and continually seeking out new markets and new prospects and they are oriented towards growth and risk taking. Firms can use3M strategies. And Johnson Johnson Company relate decentralization with a prospector strategy. Defender: It focuses on accommodating its present markets, keeping steady growth, and serving its present customers. For example, BIC Company used defender strategies; it has implemented a less violent, less business style of management and has taken to protect its considerable market share in the industry. Analyzer: An organization that assumed this strategy has market share and seeks to be groundbreaking. For example, IBM uses analyzer strategies. Thousands of their clients have bought IBM computers over the last some decades. It is in IBMs attention to keep these clients content and to lead new products and services that modernize their computer amenities. Another example contains Proctor Gamble (PG) has proven numerous name brand products, for instance Tide laundry and Crest toothpaste, it is significant for PG to stand to invest in its effective products, so as to keep financial performance Reactor: (Miles and Snow, 1978) an organization that monitors a reactor strategy has no reliable strategic approach; it floats with environmental proceedings, reacting to but failing to anticipate or influence those events. According to (Miles and Snow, 1978) organizations adopt a methodical and distinguishable outline of behavior toward environmental adaptation. An organizations strategy tackles three types of complications, Entrepreneurial: This relates that how an organization faces itself to the market. Engineering: It refers to the technical system of the organization. Administrative: It refers that how an organization tries to organize and implement its strategies, specifically, control, structure, and procedure issues. TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING CHANGE EFFECTIVELY For Successfully Managing the change needs a shifting of the firm from its present condition to the state according to its future needs at negligible cost to the organization. (Wallington, 2000) Key steps are as follows: Firstly, familiarity with the present state is very necessary. This includes finding problems that company faces, assigning a degree of status to each person, and evaluating the kinds of changes required to resolve the problems. It involves imaging the Future state of the organization. This includes considering the perfect state for the company after the implementation of change, assigning this vision perceptibly to everyone involved in the change endeavor, and designing a waysof change to the new state. Stability is an important part of the transition for instance the companys mission and workers should help constantly in the uncertainty in order to aid and reduce peoples unease. All change should include employees at certain level. Organizational change needs to be clarified and linked, especially changes that affect how employees do their jobs. It involves the Implementing of change in well-ordered manner. This contains managing the transition successfully. It is supportive to assemble a plan, assign resources, and employ an important person to take responsibility of the change procedure. For this, The Companys leaders must do effort to create interest for the change by partaking their aims and vision and acting as role models. (Murray and Greenes, 2006) When a change process is done, it is always worthy to follow-up after implementation and measure how the change are employed and whether the implemented change deliver the intended results. Conclusion The current day organizations main challenge is to endure and even grow while developing in a complex and cruel international market. Change must be eternal, just as the gaining of new capabilities. Management plays very important role in bringing and implementing change in an organization proper functioning. While dealing with uncertain environment in business organization, there is also of responsibility come to on their shoulders. Managers challenge contains originating the change central for the company, so that assemble the human energy toward building and action, so as to correspond the structures with the accessible human potential. Thus, Personnel will be the performers of an evaluative procedure instead of the sufferers of a revolution. Change can hence only be observed as the important approach of an organization. It should ensue as a natural and liberal behavior that is applied by personnel themselves. The Change Management also play vital role in organizations uncertain c ircumstance it familiarizes and monitors organizations through complex and problematic changes. CMG is a global management referring secure staff by Manufacturing and Structural MBAs and Psychologists REFRENCES: Wallington, Patricia M. Making Change. CIO. 1 April 2000 PDF: Participatory Methodology Facilitation Guide. WaterAid. 2002. Kotter J, (1996), Leading Change, Boston:Harvard Business School Press Wallington, Patricia M. Making Change. CIO. 1 April 2000. Wischenvsky, J. Daniel and Fariborz Damanpour. Organizational Transformation and Performance: An examination of three perspectives. Journal of Managerial Issues. Spring 2006. Murray, Art and Kent Greenes. The Enterprise of the Future. KMWorld. March 2006. Spector, B., and M. Beer. 1994. Beyond TQM program. Journal of Organizational Change Management 7, no. 2: 63-70. Puffer, S. M., and McCarthy. 1996. A framework for leadership in TQM context. Journal of Quality Management 1, no. 1: 109-130. Duncan, R. B. 1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty. Administrative Sciences 17: 313-327. Jauch, L., and K. Kraft. 1986. Strategic management of uncertainty. Academy of Management Review 11: 777-790. Zahra, S. 1987. Corporate strategic types, environmental perceptions, managerial philosophies, and goals: An empirical study. Akron Business and Economic Review (Summer) 18, no. 2: 63-74. Snow, C. C., and L. G. Hrebiniak. 1980. Strategy, distinctive competence, and organizational performance. Administrative Science Quarterly 25: 317-335. Hambrick, D. C. 1983. Some tests of the effectiveness and functional attributes of miles and snow strategic types. Academy of Management Journal 26, no. 1: 5-26.