No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

No topic - Essay Example He based moral requirements on categorical imperative. Aristotle thought that the human life has a purpose and proper function to do, which provides happiness to the individual. This he termed as the purpose of human beings. It was achieved by using one’s reason and logic. Kant used the example of the honest shopkeeper. The honest shopkeeper was considered a moral person because he was honest out of inclination. The shopkeeper feels that being a moral and ethical person brings him better reputation more business and profits. John Stuart Mill argued that human beings are capable of experiencing ‘higher pleasures’ as well as ‘lower pleasures’. In order to differentiate he stated that the higher pleasures produce better quality and more quantity of pleasure or happiness. While on the other hand, the lower pleasures tend to be more of selfish in nature. According to Locke the life of an individual is governed by reason and ‘the reason’ happens to be the basic driving force behind the state of nature. Locke came out with the thought that reason teaches us not to harm another in his life, liberty, health or possession. He further added that an transgressions will invite punishments. Hobbes and Locke both happened to be renowned social contract theorists, but their views differ on several aspects. For example, while Locke believed that man is by nature a social animal, Hobbes thought it otherwise and suggested that ‘society could not exist except by the power of the state.’ In my opinion Kant’s Ethical Theory stands out as one of the best. While on the one hand this theory talks about the Good will on the one hand, rationality and morality are also described as integral components of the human behavior. Kant advances the argument that the outcome of our actions cannot be accurately predicted, but the intent