Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Summary - Assignment Example In their analysis they try to define different concept including taint management, development of self-identity and how differences in gender are dealt with within the professions that were explored. The researchers analyzed and interpreted that in order to manage taint in two different professions including firefighting and law enforcement, the professionals and the management should rely on the open communication of work identity in terms of gender. Both the professions of firefighting as well as correction contain various tasks that can be categorized as dirty work. These professions comprises of several forms of taints including psychical, status, moral and social taints. Taints in firefighting include running into buildings that are on fire and they deal with clients that may be calling the firefighters just to benefit from the social welfare provided by the government. There is a huge difference in how firefighters refer to different parts of their jobs as dirty work. Some of the work that may not be really dirty may be referred to as severely dirty by the fire fighters such as taking an addict to a hospital. On the other hand a task that is severely dirty may not be categorized as dirty by the firefighters such as the task of breaking into burning structures of building. In case of police officers their dirty work includes similar jobs that are conducted by firefighters. The researchers identified that the physical as well as social taints that existed in correctional work included chaperoning prisoners to bathroom which was mostly done by males and caring for inmates which is mostly done by females (Tracy, 2006, p.15). In case of ethical and status taints, the work of law enforcement officers is considered as deviant. In the case of correction officers even easier jobs such as providing toilet paper to the inmates is considered as severely dirty. There are various reasons that help in explaining why

Impacts and Causes of Quality Implementation Failures

Impacts and Causes of Quality Implementation Failures INTRODUCTION: Due to, the increased competitiveness and arduous customers who desire to have high quality products at lowest prices; quality is acknowledged as a source of competitive advantage and have a higher strategic importance, is essential for success. (Spector and Beer 1994; Eskildson 1994) studies have shown that in organizations there are a lot of quality implementation failures, causes for theses failures are due to environmental uncertainty, Firm orientation, and Total quality management (TQM) was not properly addressed. (Puffer and McCarthy 1996) Â   Â   UNCERTAINTY: It means lack of assurance, about something and facts in decision making (Duncan 1972; Lawrence and Lorsch 1967). ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY: It is a state, when conditions are constantly changing within a business environment (jauch and kraft 1986). Environmental uncertainty takes place by complete customer knowledge and for more worth in products and services. It has promoted the business scene, accordingly, feat of any organization now rely more on its ability for delivering quality products and services to customers. So, Business organizations are now confronted with a triangle of problems that they must sort out for building sustainability and success. This is by practicing uncertainty, strategy, and quality. UNCERTAINTY DIMENSIONS: Environmental uncertainty rises or falls as environments differ along five simple dimensions: Homogeneity-heterogeneity: It is the number and range of areas having impact on the organization. Concentration- dispersion: it is interconnection between components of the environment Stability-turbulence: The rate and scale of change in the environment Resource Scarcity- Resource Munificence: richness and accessibility of resources Hostility-Supportiveness: it is the degree of competition and level of getting of the organization The challenge of current companies is to endure and grow while growing in a complex and harsh international market. Change has to be eternal, for example, as the attainment of new abilities. Change can thus only be observed as the important attitude of an organization. By evaluating this environment offers vision of the unique changes, the effects of these changes have on a firms strategies, and the making of special methods required understanding them. CHANGE MANAGEMENT Organizational change management (OCM): It is an organization structural process, used for safeguarding that changes are easily and effectively implemented, and that the lifelong benefits of change can be accomplished. CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODELS: KOTTERS EIGHTS STEPS TO CHANGE This model copes for knowing and handling change. Every stage admits an important principle linking to peoples reaction and approach to change, where people understand, sense and then make change. The model is intended on research which demonstrates that there are eight critical steps an organization or team demands to use in order to make sure that change occurs and sticks properly. (Kotter, 1996) BRIDGE TRANSITION MODEL: With the support of Bridge transition model, we can have awareness about the feelings of our workers and operate conditions according to the way that hold the changes committedly. It is a three phase procedure, where people slowly adopted the facts of new circumstances and the change that derived with it. ROGERS TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION CURVE: It defines the acceptance or adoption of a new innovation or product, along with the psychological and demographic features of acceptor groups. It is exemplified as bell curve. The model shows that first group of people that use a new product is innovators, and subsequent is early adopters. Next group is early and late majority and the last group that finally accept a product are called laggards. The curve makes the base of 5 step procedure of technology adoption; Knowledge, Persuasion, Decision, Implementation. KUBLER- ROSS FIVE STAGE MODEL This Model was developed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in 1960s. It is use to describe the grieving procedures. She suggests a sequence of feelings practiced by fatally ill patients before death, in which the five stages are anger, bargaining, depression denial, and acceptance. The Change Curve was a firm feature in change management circles By the 1980s. The curve, and its related emotions, can be accustomed to predict that how performance is probably affected by the declaration and following implementation of a vital change. PROSCI ADKAR model This Model offers a modest and action-focused five-step procedure. It is used by managers, directors and even workers to recognize and eliminate fences for making positive change. Individuals make changes effectively when they contain the essential Awareness, Knowledge, Desire, Ability and Reinforcement. PARTICIPATORY METHODS: It contains a sequence of actions with a common line. It allows common people to play a dynamic and significant role in making choices which affect their lives (Participatory Methodology Facilitation Guide, 2000). This method is used by publics, researchers, and donors. Its outcome is involvements of local realities, and it direct towards a well-supported and permanent social change. EXTENT OF UNCERTAINTY: It is the degree of rise in environmental vitality and intricacy (Johnson and Scholes 1999). Therefore, in complex environmental situations there are, larger level of uncertainty in the environment . Low uncertainty: An environmental change affecting the uncertainty is low. For example, variations in customer tastes are low, perhaps because of there are less factors that influence on demand. Moderate uncertainty: It links between low complexity and high dynamism. High uncertainty: The environment is extremely dynamic a d intricate and the links among the modules of the environment and the organization are uncertain. This makes selections more problematic. For instance, the broadcastings business is facing some uncertainties about technology, government rules, demand etc. All these uncertainties link in changeable techniques and use to predict the environment and improve reasonable choices. Strategy and Environmental Uncertainty They are closely related to environmental uncertainty. The degree of uncertainty perhaps is objective and assessable or subjective and apparent. The significant matter is that in such environments how organizations behave. (Zahra, 1987) determines that businesses that follow diverse type of strategic aspects will be inclined to observe their environment in a different way. (Hambrick, 1983), (Miller, 1986), (Snow and Hrebiniak, 1980) usually determined that these strategy types acts inversely under different environmental situations. STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH UNCERTAINTY IN ORGANIZATIONS: There are number of strategies that are used by organizations to encounter uncertainties of the business environment. (Miles and Snow, 1978) strategy is a strong description of the strategic behavior of organizations. It redirects a wide number of strategies and complete view to strategy conceptualization (Venkatraman, 1989). Four Basic Strategy types: The organizations can implement one of four approaches when retorting to uncertainty in their environment: (Miles and Snow, 1978) Prospector: (Miles and Snow, 1978) organizations adopted or follows this strategy is highly advanced and continually seeking out new markets and new prospects and they are oriented towards growth and risk taking. Firms can use3M strategies. And Johnson Johnson Company relate decentralization with a prospector strategy. Defender: It focuses on accommodating its present markets, keeping steady growth, and serving its present customers. For example, BIC Company used defender strategies; it has implemented a less violent, less business style of management and has taken to protect its considerable market share in the industry. Analyzer: An organization that assumed this strategy has market share and seeks to be groundbreaking. For example, IBM uses analyzer strategies. Thousands of their clients have bought IBM computers over the last some decades. It is in IBMs attention to keep these clients content and to lead new products and services that modernize their computer amenities. Another example contains Proctor Gamble (PG) has proven numerous name brand products, for instance Tide laundry and Crest toothpaste, it is significant for PG to stand to invest in its effective products, so as to keep financial performance Reactor: (Miles and Snow, 1978) an organization that monitors a reactor strategy has no reliable strategic approach; it floats with environmental proceedings, reacting to but failing to anticipate or influence those events. According to (Miles and Snow, 1978) organizations adopt a methodical and distinguishable outline of behavior toward environmental adaptation. An organizations strategy tackles three types of complications, Entrepreneurial: This relates that how an organization faces itself to the market. Engineering: It refers to the technical system of the organization. Administrative: It refers that how an organization tries to organize and implement its strategies, specifically, control, structure, and procedure issues. TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING CHANGE EFFECTIVELY For Successfully Managing the change needs a shifting of the firm from its present condition to the state according to its future needs at negligible cost to the organization. (Wallington, 2000) Key steps are as follows: Firstly, familiarity with the present state is very necessary. This includes finding problems that company faces, assigning a degree of status to each person, and evaluating the kinds of changes required to resolve the problems. It involves imaging the Future state of the organization. This includes considering the perfect state for the company after the implementation of change, assigning this vision perceptibly to everyone involved in the change endeavor, and designing a waysof change to the new state. Stability is an important part of the transition for instance the companys mission and workers should help constantly in the uncertainty in order to aid and reduce peoples unease. All change should include employees at certain level. Organizational change needs to be clarified and linked, especially changes that affect how employees do their jobs. It involves the Implementing of change in well-ordered manner. This contains managing the transition successfully. It is supportive to assemble a plan, assign resources, and employ an important person to take responsibility of the change procedure. For this, The Companys leaders must do effort to create interest for the change by partaking their aims and vision and acting as role models. (Murray and Greenes, 2006) When a change process is done, it is always worthy to follow-up after implementation and measure how the change are employed and whether the implemented change deliver the intended results. Conclusion The current day organizations main challenge is to endure and even grow while developing in a complex and cruel international market. Change must be eternal, just as the gaining of new capabilities. Management plays very important role in bringing and implementing change in an organization proper functioning. While dealing with uncertain environment in business organization, there is also of responsibility come to on their shoulders. Managers challenge contains originating the change central for the company, so that assemble the human energy toward building and action, so as to correspond the structures with the accessible human potential. Thus, Personnel will be the performers of an evaluative procedure instead of the sufferers of a revolution. Change can hence only be observed as the important approach of an organization. It should ensue as a natural and liberal behavior that is applied by personnel themselves. The Change Management also play vital role in organizations uncertain c ircumstance it familiarizes and monitors organizations through complex and problematic changes. CMG is a global management referring secure staff by Manufacturing and Structural MBAs and Psychologists REFRENCES: Wallington, Patricia M. Making Change. CIO. 1 April 2000 PDF: Participatory Methodology Facilitation Guide. WaterAid. 2002. Kotter J, (1996), Leading Change, Boston:Harvard Business School Press Wallington, Patricia M. Making Change. CIO. 1 April 2000. Wischenvsky, J. Daniel and Fariborz Damanpour. Organizational Transformation and Performance: An examination of three perspectives. Journal of Managerial Issues. Spring 2006. Murray, Art and Kent Greenes. The Enterprise of the Future. KMWorld. March 2006. Spector, B., and M. Beer. 1994. Beyond TQM program. Journal of Organizational Change Management 7, no. 2: 63-70. Puffer, S. M., and McCarthy. 1996. A framework for leadership in TQM context. Journal of Quality Management 1, no. 1: 109-130. Duncan, R. B. 1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty. Administrative Sciences 17: 313-327. Jauch, L., and K. Kraft. 1986. Strategic management of uncertainty. Academy of Management Review 11: 777-790. Zahra, S. 1987. Corporate strategic types, environmental perceptions, managerial philosophies, and goals: An empirical study. Akron Business and Economic Review (Summer) 18, no. 2: 63-74. Snow, C. C., and L. G. Hrebiniak. 1980. Strategy, distinctive competence, and organizational performance. Administrative Science Quarterly 25: 317-335. Hambrick, D. C. 1983. Some tests of the effectiveness and functional attributes of miles and snow strategic types. Academy of Management Journal 26, no. 1: 5-26.

Evelines Decision in James Joyces Dubliners Essay -- Joyce Dubliners

Eveline's Decision in James Joyce's Dubliners      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the short story, 'Eveline,' James Joyce introduces us to the life of a young woman named Eveline. She has the opportunity to escape with Frank, the man she thinks she loves, to a faraway country in search of a new life.   Instead, she decides to stay in the dreary and gloomy life she already knows.   To understand Eveline's final decision to stay we have to analyze the reasons that prevent Eveline from pursuing a better life. Her fear of the unknown; the fact that she does not know Frank well enough; and the many attachments she has to her home, prompt Eveline to make her decision.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first reason for Eveline to stay is that she is does not have the courage to leave.   She   tries to convince herself that her life is not ? wholly undesirable,? but Joyce reveals how hard and undesirable her life actually is when he tells us that she ?felt herself in danger of   her father's violence.?   She gets ?palpitations? because she is so afraid of her own father.   Although he beats her and treats her badly, she still thinks that ?sometimes he could be very nice,? just because she remembers him making her laugh once, and other time when he took care of her when she was sick.   These good memories about her father look insignificant compared to what she has to do for him.   Eveline also has to support the mistreatments of her abusive father even when she is asking him for money to buy groceries.   Especially on Saturday nights when he is   ?usually fairly bad,? meaning he is drunk.   Eveline alone asks herself   if it is wise to leave.   She thinks that at her home she has ?shelter and food; she had those whom ... ...irl, is protected by her mother. Memories make Eveline feel more emotionally attached to her home. Although her favorite brother, Ernest, is dead, she still cares about Harry.   She has to many duties in the house.   She has to take care of two children, take care of the house, and her abusive father.   All because of the promise she made to her dying mother to ?keep the home together as long as she could.?   The love for her mother is too strong to break that promise.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion Eveline chooses the 'odour of dusty cretonne' over a new, but unknown life because the reasons for staying slightly overwhelm the reasons for leaving.   For this era her decision might seem bizarre or even foolish; but making that decision she does what is logical for that epoch. Works Cited Joyce, James Dubliners, New York:Penguin, 1993

Communication Worksheet Essay

Compose responses to each of the following questions. 1. Which of the images demonstrates an interpersonal communication exchange? How can you tell? The third image indicates a healthy interpersonal communication exchange whereas the first picture shows an unhealthy interpersonal communication exchange. The first picture has two individuals who are communicating – unwillingly with each other and non-verbally whereas the third picture has the same thing – only voluntary. Each picture is the same communication exchange only with different and varied consequences and results. 2. What types of interpersonal communication are being displayed in the images? Why? The first picture is a display of interpersonal communication using a varied technique. The female is attempting to verbally and non-verbally persuade the male to communicate, even though he is using the same techniques in the polar opposite way. While she is attempting to persuade him to talk both verbally and non-verbally – he is attempting to persuade her that he doesn’t want to talk non-verbally. It can be assumed that at  some point, he will verbally tell her no. Part 3 Textual communication, or content that is read or viewed, also plays a role in communicating with others. Textual information may gain deeper meaning when the text is spoken or viewed in a specific context versus when it is read. Read the following quotes and write a 50- to 100-word interpretation of what you think is being expressed. Support your responses. If you wish to include references, please format your responses consistent with APA guidelines. †¢ â€Å"Maybe all one can do is hope to end up with the right regrets.† (The Ride down Mount Morgan, Act I) — Arthur Miller †¢ â€Å"Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe.† (The Outline of History, Ch. 41) —H. G. Wells †¢ â€Å"The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe—the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose  any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.† — John F. Kennedy (1961 Inaugural Address) †¢ â€Å"In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the ‘unalienable Rights’ of ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.’ It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked ‘insufficient funds.’ But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we’ve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.† — Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963 â€Å"I have a dream† speech) Resources Kennedy, J. F. (1961, January 20). Inaugural address. Presidential inauguration, Washington, DC. Retrieved from: http://www.historystudycenter.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/search/displaySuitemAsciiItemById.do?QueryName=suitem&fromPage=studyunit&ItemID=28545&resource=prd. King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). â€Å"I have a dream† speech. Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.historystudycenter.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/search/displayReferenceItemById.do?QueryName=reference&fromPage=studyunit&ItemID=phs00159&fromPage=studyunit&resource=ref WikiQuote. Retrieved from http://www.wikiquote.org. The above quotes are from Democratic individuals whom have all been identified as political at some point in their professional careers. Seeing that the general theme revolves around sociology, psychology and politics – it can reasonably be assumed that the generally intention of expression here is that taking on a more liberal/socialist mindset will result in the utmost patriotism through education, aspirations and helping to provide for a better future – ultimately utopia, however false that may be. In essence, the quotes are a progression of thought starting with Wells and ending with King Jr. Individually, the quotes could represent a much narrower scope of expression. H.G. Wells is expressing a morose attitude toward World War I as it was (at that time) known to be â€Å"the war to end all wars.† At that time, we were isolationists and even President Wilson running on an isolationist platform pushed us into WWI. Wells wrote this text in a time when he was thoroughly dissatisfied with modern history books – at the end of WWI. During this time period, man’s inhumanity to man manifest on the blood soaked battlefields of Europe and the medical wings with the mustard gas victims, the amputees, the blind – all evidence of man’s technological prowess only promising to grow exponentially. This quote then expresses a deep gloom whereas he’s saying that at that time, men could only hope for enlightenment. He realized that with our technological abilities – we were either going to destroy our world or improve it, and in the wake of WWI – it wasn’t looking very bright as far as our future was conc erned – globally. Miller was a perpetual victim. His stance on society as whole was masochistic in nature, although flowered with politically correct subtleties that allowed for his readers to elude the actual realities of the world at that time. Due to the nature of the world at the time of his writing that play – and the events that surrounded his life as he was writing it, it is reasonable to assume that he is simply stating that we all have regrets and will continue to have regrets – but upon our deathbeds, we should hope that those regrets were really worth it. In essence – we only live life once. Kennedy’s quote was similar to Wells – insofar as that we as a nation (and world) have the ability to (with technology and education) either destroy ourselves or improve our world, and expanded upon it. According to Kennedy’s speech – he thinks that the ability to abolish all forms of poverty is what our country was created to do, but is swearing to uphold our abilities to do just the opposite through a series of actions put forth by his entire administration. Because the quote was during his first inaugural speech, Vietnam was however, a later development which forced him to live up to his words – much like Obama will have to do if Iran breaks out today. So looking at this quote pretending to not know what his future administration held, I would say that he is attempting to express an identification of himself through the Democratic Party by calling our founders revolutionaries (which they weren’t – as they were attempting to sustain the status quo by protecting the Magna Carta, but that is a discussion for another time – which I fully anticipate being challenged on that assertion!). In doing this he is hoping to portray his administration as being â€Å"revolutionaries† like the founding fathers in order to get a public approval for his massive expansion of social programs (much like FDR – boo hiss boo hiss). Martin Luther King Jr. expressed a total lack of understanding that the Declaration of Independence was not the law of the land. (Perhaps I should say Stanley Levison since Levison wrote much of King’s speeches even though he was under heavy investigation by the FBI for being associated with communist individuals and ideals) Specifically I am stating that the â€Å"pursuit of happiness,† was not actually â€Å"to be happy,† rather – to live a virtuous life. King’s failing was that he was anticipating that the Constitution guaranteed equality in outcome rather than equality in opportunity. Perhaps it wasn’t his failing, rather – the failing of the education system that prevails to this day. However, in the quote above, King/Levison was attempting to express – or was attempting to get the public to perceive – that socialism or â€Å"equality† through the means of race – could be achieved in this country so long as public pressure via the speech would be placed as a lien against the racism happening during that time.

Second Foundation 14. Anxiety

Poli placed the breakfast on the table, keeping one eye on the table news-recorder which quietly disgorged the bulletins of the day. It could be done easily enough without loss of efficiency, this one-eye-absent business. Since all items of food were sterilely packed in containers which served as discardable cooking units, her duties vis-a-vis breakfast consisted of nothing more than choosing the menu, placing the items on the table, and removing the residue thereafter. She clacked her tongue at what she saw and moaned softly in retrospect. â€Å"Oh, people are so wicked,† she said, and Darell merely hemmed in reply. Her voice took on the high-pitched rasp which she automatically assumed when about to bewail the evil of the world. â€Å"Now why do these terrible Kalganese† – she accented the second syIlable and gave it a long â€Å"a† – â€Å"do like that? You'd think they'd give a body peace. But no, it's just trouble, trouble, all the time. â€Å"Now look at that headline: ‘Mobs Riot Before Foundation Consulate.' Oh, would I like to give them a piece of my mind, if I could. That's the trouble with people; they just don't remember. They just don't remember, Dr. Darell – got no memory at all. Look at the last war after the Mule died – of course I was just a little girl then – and oh, the fuss and trouble. My own uncle was killed, him being just in his twenties and only two years married, with a baby girl. I remember him even yet – blond hair he had, and a dimple in his chin. I have a trimensional cube of him somewheres- â€Å"And now his baby girl has a son of her own in the navy and most like if anything happens- â€Å"And we had the bombardment patrols, and all the old men taking turns in the stratospheric defense – I could imagine what they would have been able to do if the Kalganese had come that far. My mother used to tell us children about the food rationing and the prices and taxes. A body could hardly make ends meet- â€Å"You'd think if they had sense people would just never want to start it again; just have nothing to do with it. And I suppose it's not people that do it, either; I suppose even Kalganese would rather sit at home with their families and not go fooling around in ships and getting killed. It's that awful man, Stettin. It's a wonder people like that are let live. He kills the old man – what's his name – Thallos, and now he's just spoiling to be boss of everything. â€Å"And why he wants to fight us, I don't know. He's bound to lose – like they always do. Maybe it's all in the Plan, but sometimes I'm sure it must be a wicked plan to have so much fighting and killing in it, though to be sure I haven't a word to say about Hari Seldon, who I'm sure knows much more about that than I do and perhaps I'm a fool to question him. And the other Foundation is as much to blame. They could stop Kalgan now and make everything fine. They'll do it anyway in the end, and you'd think they'd do it before there's any damage done.† Dr. Darell looked up. â€Å"Did you say something, Poli?† Poli's eyes opened wide, then narrowed angrily. â€Å"Nothing, doctor, nothing at all. I haven't got a word to say. A body could as soon choke to death as say a word in this house. It's jump here, and jump there, but just try to say a word-† and she went off simmering. Her leaving made as little impression on Darell as did her speaking. Kalgan! Nonsense! A merely physical enemy! Those had always been beaten! Yet he could not divorce himself of the current foolish crisis. Seven days earlier, the mayor had asked him to be Administrator of Research and Development. He had promised an answer today. Well- He stirred uneasily. Why, himself! Yet could he refuse? It would seem strange, and he dared not seem strange. After all, what did he care about Kalgan. To him there was only one enemy. Always had been. While his wife had lived, he was only too glad to shirk the task; to hide. Those long, quiet days on Trantor, with the ruins of the past about them! The silence of a wrecked world and the forgetfulness of it all! But she had died. Less than five years, all told, it had been; and after that he knew that he could live only by fighting that vague and fearful enemy that deprived him of the dignity of manhood by controlling his destiny; that made life a miserable struggle against a foreordained end; that made all the universe a hateful and deadly chess game. Call it sublimation; he, himself did can it that – but the fight gave meaning to his life. First to the University of Santanni, where he had joined Dr. Kleise. It had been five years well-spent. And yet Kleise was merely a gatherer of data. He could not succeed in the real task – and when Darell had felt that as certainty, he knew it was time to leave. Kleise may have worked in secret, yet he had to have men working for him and with him. He had subjects whose brains he probed. He had a University that backed him. All these were weaknesses. Kleise could not understand that; and he, Darell, could not explain that. They parted enemies. It was well; they had to. He had to leave in surrender – in case someone watched. Where Kleise worked with charts; Darell worked with mathematical concepts in the recesses of his mind. Kleise worked with many; Darell with none. Kleise in a University; Darell in the quiet of a suburban house. And he was almost there. A Second Foundationer is not human as far as his cerebrum is concerned. The cleverest physiologist, the most subtle neurochemist might detect nothing – yet the difference must be there. And since the difference was one of the mind, it was there that it must be detectable. Given a man like the Mule – and there was no doubt that the Second Foundationers had the Mule's powers, whether inborn or acquired – with the power of detecting and controlling human emotions, deduce from that the electronic circuit required, and deduce from that the last details of the encephalograph on which it could not help but be betrayed. And now Kleise had returned into his life, in the person of his ardent young pupil, Anthor. Folly! Folly! With his graphs and charts of people who had been tampered with. He had learned to detect that years ago, but of what use was it. He wanted the arm; not the tool. Yet he had to agree to join Anthor, since it was the quieter course. Just as now he would become Administrator of Research and Development. It was the quieter course! And so he remained a conspiracy within a conspiracy. The thought of Arcadia teased him for a moment, and he shuddered away from it. Left to himself, it would never have happened. Left to himself, no one would ever have been endangered but himself. Left to himself- He felt the anger rising-against the dead Kleise, the living Anthor, all the well-meaning fools- Well, she could take care of herself. She was a very mature little girl. She could take care of herself! It was a whisper in his mind- Yet could she? *** At the moment, that Dr. Darell told himself mournfully that she could, she was sitting in the coldly austere anteroom of the Executive Offices of the First Citizen of the Galaxy. For half an hour she had been sitting there, her eyes sliding slowly about the walls. There had been two armed guards at the door when she had entered with Homir Munn. They hadn't been there the other times. She was alone, now, yet she sensed the unfriendliness of the very furnishings of the room. And for the first time. Now, why should that be? Homir was with Lord Stettin. Well, was that wrong? It made her furious. In similar situations in the book-films and the videos, the hero foresaw the conclusion, was prepared for it when it came, and she – she just sat there. Anything could happen. Anything! And she just sat there. Well, back again. Think it back. Maybe something would come. For two weeks, Homir had nearly lived inside the Mule's palace. He had taken her once, with Stettin's permission. It was large and gloomily massive, shrinking from the touch of life to lie sleeping within its ringing memories, answering the footsteps with a hollow boom or a savage clatter. She hadn't liked it. Better the great, gay highways of the capital city; the theaters and spectacles of a world essentially poorer than the Foundation, yet spending more of its wealth on display. Homir would return in the evening, awed- â€Å"It's a dream-world for me,† he would whisper. â€Å"If I could only chip the palace down stone by stone, layer by layer of the aluminum sponge. If I could carry it back to Terminus- What a museum it would make.† He seemed to have lost that early reluctance. He was eager, instead; glowing. Arcadia knew that by the one sure sign; he practically never stuttered throughout that period. One time, he said, â€Å"There are abstracts of the records of General Pritcher-â€Å" â€Å"I know him. He was the Foundation renegade, who combed the Galaxy for the Second Foundation, wasn't he?† â€Å"Not exactly a renegade, Arkady. The Mule had Converted him.† â€Å"Oh, it's the same thing.† â€Å"Galaxy, that combing you speak of was a hopeless task. The original records of the Seldon Convention that established both Foundations five hundred years ago, make only one reference to the Second Foundation. They say if's located ‘at the other end of the Galaxy at Star's End.' That's all the Mule and Pritcher had to go on. They had no method of recognizing the Second Foundation even if they found it. What madness! â€Å"They have records† – he was speaking to himself, but Arcadia listened eagerly – â€Å"which must cover nearly a thousand worlds, yet the number of worlds available for study must have been closer to a million. And we are no better off-â€Å" Arcadia broke in anxiously, â€Å"Shhh-h† in a tight hiss. Homir froze, and slowly recovered. â€Å"Let's not talk,† he mumbled. And now Homir was with Lord Stettin and Arcadia waited outside alone and felt the blood squeezing out of her heart for no reason at all. That was more frightening than anything else. That there seemed no reason. On the other side of the door, Homir, too, was living in a sea of gelatin. He was fighting, with furious intensity, to keep from stuttering and, of course, could scarcely speak two consecutive words clearly as a result. Lord Stettin was in full uniform, six-feet-six, large-jawed, and hard-mouthed. His balled, arrogant fists kept a powerful time to his sentences. â€Å"Well, you have had two weeks, and you come to me with tales of nothing. Come, sir, tell me the worst. Is my Navy to be cut to ribbons? Am I to fight the ghosts of the Second Foundation as well as the men of the First?† â€Å"I†¦ I repeat, my lord, I am no p†¦ pre†¦ predictor. I†¦ I am at a complete†¦ loss.† â€Å"Or do you wish to go back to warn your countrymen? To deep Space with your play-acting. I want the truth or I'll have it out of you along with half your guts.† â€Å"I'm t†¦ telling only the truth, and I'll have you re†¦ remember, my l†¦ lord, that I am a citizen of the Foundation. Y†¦ you cannot touch me without harvesting m†¦ m†¦ more than you count on.† The Lord of Kalgan laughed uproariously. â€Å"A threat to frighten children. A horror with which to beat back an idiot. Come, Mr. Munn, I have been patient with you. I have listened to you for twenty minutes while you detailed wearisome nonsense to me which must have cost you sleepless nights to compose. It was wasted effort. I know you are here not merely to rake through the Mule's dead ashes and to warm over the cinders you find. ***You came here for more than you have admitted. Is that not true?† Homir Munn could no more have quenched the burning horror that grew in his eyes than, at that moment, he could have breathed. Lord Stettin saw that, and clapped the Foundation man upon his shoulder so that he and the chair he sat on reeled under the impact. â€Å"Good. Now let us be frank. You are investigating the Seldon Plan. You know that it no longer holds. You know, perhaps, that I am the inevitable winner now; I and my heirs. Well, man, what matters it who established the Second Empire, so long as it is established. History plays no favorites, eh? Are you afraid to tell me? You see that I know your mission.† Munn said thickly, â€Å"What is it y†¦ you w†¦ want?† â€Å"Your presence. I would not wish the Plan spoiled through overconfidence. You understand more of these things than I do; you can detect small flaws that I might miss. Come, you will be rewarded in the end; you will have your fair glut of the loot. What can you expect at the Foundation? To turn the tide of a perhaps inevitable defeat? To lengthen the war? Or is it merely a patriotic desire to die for your country?† â€Å"I†¦ I-† He finally spluttered into silence. Not a word would come. â€Å"You will stay,† said the Lord of Kalgan, confidently. â€Å"You have no choice. Wait† – an almost forgotten afterthought – â€Å"I have information to the effect that your niece is of the family of Bayta Darell.† Homir uttered a startled: â€Å"Yes.† He could not trust himself at this point to be capable of weaving anything but cold truth. â€Å"It is a family of note on the Foundation?† Homir nodded, â€Å"To whom they would certainly b†¦ brook no harm.† â€Å"Harm! Don't be a fool, man; I am meditating the reverse. How old is she?† â€Å"Fourteen.† â€Å"So! Well, not even the Second Foundation, or Hari Seldon, himself, could stop time from passing or girls from becoming women.† With that, he turned on his heel and strode to a draped door which he threw open violently. He thundered, â€Å"What in Space have you dragged your shivering carcass here for?† The Lady Callia blinked at him, and said in a small voice, â€Å"I didn't know anyone was with you.† â€Å"Well, there is. I'll speak to you later of this, but now I want to see your back, and quickly.† Her footsteps were a fading scurry in the corridor. Stettin returned, â€Å"She is a remnant of an interlude that has lasted too long. It will end soon. Fourteen, you say?† Homir stared at him with a brand-new horror! Arcadia started at the noiseless opening of a door – jumping at the jangling sliver of movement it made in the comer of her eye. The finger that crooked frantically at her met no response for long moments, and then, as if in response to the cautions enforced by the very sight of that white, trembling figure, she tiptoed her way across the floor. Their footsteps were a taut whisper in the corridor. It was the Lady Callia, of course, who held her hand so tightly that it hurt, and for some reason, she did not mind following her. Of the Lady Callia, at least, she was not afraid. Now, why was that? They were in a boudoir now, all pink fluff and spun sugar. Lady Callia stood with her back against the door. She said, â€Å"This was our private way to me†¦ to my room, you know, from his office. His, you know.† And she pointed with a thumb, as though even the thought of him were grinding her soul to death with fear. â€Å"It's so lucky†¦ it's so lucky-† Her pupils had blackened out the blue with their size. â€Å"Can you tell me-† began Arcadia timidly. And Callia was in frantic motion. â€Å"No, child, no. There is no time. Take off your clothes. Please. Please. I'll get you more, and they won't recognize you.† She was in the closet, throwing useless bits of flummery in reckless heaps upon the ground, looking madly for something a girl could wear without becoming a living invitation to dalliance. â€Å"Here, this will do. It will have to. Do you have money? Here, take it all – and this.† She was stripping her ears and fingers. â€Å"Just go home – go home to your Foundation.† â€Å"But Homir†¦ my uncle.† She protested vainly through the muffling folds of the sweet-smelling and luxurious spun-metal being forced over her head. â€Å"He won't leave. Poochie will hold him forever, but you mustn't stay. Oh, dear, don't you understand?† â€Å"No.† Arcadia forced a standstill, â€Å"I don't understand.† Lady Callia squeezed her hands tightly together. â€Å"You must go back to warn your people there will be war. Isn't that clear?† Absolute terror seemed paradoxically to have lent a lucidity to her thoughts and words that was entirely out of character. â€Å"Now come!† Out another way! Past officials who stared after them, but saw no reason to stop one whom only the Lord of Kalgan could stop with impunity. Guards clicked heels and presented arms when they went through doors. Arcadia breathed only on occasion through the years the trip seemed to take – yet from the first crooking of the white finger to the time she stood at the outer gate, with people and noise and traffic in the distance was only twenty-five minutes. She looked back, with a sudden frightened pity. â€Å"I†¦ I†¦ don't know why you're doing this, my lady, but thanks- What's going to happen to Uncle Homir?† â€Å"I don't know,† wailed the other. â€Å"Can't you leave? Go straight to the spaceport. Don't wait. He may be looking for you this very minute.† And still Arcadia lingered. She would be leaving Homir; and, belatedly, now that she felt the free air about her, she was suspicious. â€Å"But what do you care if he does?† Lady Callia bit her lower lip and muttered, â€Å"I can't explain to a little girl like you. It would be improper. Well, you'll be growing up and I†¦ I met Poochie when I was sixteen. I can't have you about, you know.† There was a half-ashamed hostility in her eyes. The implications froze Arcadia. She whispered: â€Å"What will he do to you when he finds out?† And she whimpered back: â€Å"I don't know,† and threw her arm to her head as she left at a half-run, back along the wide way to the mansion of the Lord of Kalgan. But for one eternal second, Arcadia still did not move, for in that last moment before Lady Callia left, Arcadia had seen something. Those frightened, frantic eyes had momentarily – flashingly – lit up with a cold amusement. A vast, inhuman amusement. It was much to see in such a quick flicker of a pair of eyes, but Arcadia had no doubt of what she saw. She was running now – running wildly – searching madly for an unoccupied public booth at which one could press a button for public conveyance. She was not running from Lord Stettin; not from him or from all the human hounds he could place at her heels – not from all his twenty-seven worlds rolled into a single gigantic phenomenon, hallooing at her shadow. She was running from a single, frail woman who had helped her escape. From a creature who had loaded her with money and jewels; who had risked her own life to save her. From an entity she knew, certainly and finally, to be a woman of the Second Foundation. An air-taxi came to a soft clicking halt in the cradle. The wind of its coming brushed against Arcadia's face and stirred at the hair beneath the softly-furred hood Callia had given her. â€Å"Where'll it be, lady?† She fought desperately to low-pitch her voice to make it not that of a child. â€Å"How many spaceports in the city?† â€Å"Two. Which one ya want?† â€Å"Which is closer?† He stared at her: â€Å"Kalgan Central, lady.† â€Å"The other one, please. I've got the money.† She had a twenty-Kalganid note in her hand. The denomination of the note made little difference to her, but the taxi-man grinned appreciatively. â€Å"Anything ya say, lady. Sky-line cabs take ya anywhere.† She cooled her cheek against the slightly musty upholstery. The lights of the city moved leisurely below her. What should she do? What should she do? It was in that moment that she knew she was a stupid, stupid little girl, away from her father, and frightened. Her eyes were full of tears, and deep down in her throat, there was a small, soundless cry that hurt her insides. She wasn't afraid that Lord Stettin would catch her. Lady Callia would see to that. Lady Callia! Old, fat, stupid, but she held on to her lord, somehow. Oh, it was clear enough, now. Everything was clear. That tea with Callia at which she had been so smart. Clever little Arcadia! Something inside Arcadia choked and hated itself. That tea had been maneuvered, and then Stettin had probably been maneuvered so that Homir was allowed to inspect the Palace after all. She, the foolish Callia, has wanted it so, and arranged to have smart little Arcadia supply a foolproof excuse, one which would arouse no suspicions in the minds of the victims, and yet involve a minimum of interference on her part. Then why was she free? Homir was a prisoner, of course- Unless- Unless she went back to the Foundation as a decoy – a decoy to lead others into the hands of†¦ of them. So she couldn't return to the Foundation- â€Å"Spaceport, lady.† The air-taxi had come to a halt. Strange! She hadn't even noticed. What a dream-world it was. â€Å"Thanks,† she pushed the bill at him without seeing anything and was stumbling out the door, then running across the springy pavement. Lights. Unconcerned men and women. Large gleaming bulletin boards, with the moving figures that followed every single spaceship that arrived and departed. Where was she going? She didn't care. She only knew that she wasn't going to the Foundation! Anywhere else at all would suit. Oh, thank Seldon, for that forgetful moment – that last split-second when Callia wearied of her act because she had to do only with a child and had let her amusement spring through. And then something else occurred to Arcadia, something that had been stirring and moving at the base of her brain ever since the flight began – something that forever killed the fourteen in her. And she knew that she must escape. That above all. Though they located every conspirator on the Foundation; though they caught her own father; she could not dared not, risk a warning. She could not risk her own life – not in the slightest – for the entire realm of Terminus. She was the most important person in the Galaxy. She was the only important person in the Galaxy. She knew that even as she stood before the ticket-machine and wondered where to go. Because in all the Galaxy, she and she alone, except for they, themselves, knew the location of the Second Foundation.

Behaviorist Theory essays

Behaviorist Theory essays The human mind constantly responds to the environment or external stimuli. Thus, the social environment and culture that we are exposed to, especially as infants and in our youth, condition our very thinking and behavior. This is precisely why family environment and values play a key role in personality development, as do religion, educational institutions, peer groups, and the media. Indeed, in many ways we are very much a product of our environment, which explains the commonality in values, lifestyles, and even fashion that can be observed within communities. In addition, our interaction with the environment teaches us the consequences or rewards of certain types of behavior, which then further influences and shapes our future behavioral patterns. The truth of the preceding statements is evident in my own behavior. My family and education, for instance, have definitely shaped my values. Similarly, my peers and the media influence my preferences in dress codes, music, films and books, to name a few examples. However, I do not entirely agree with the behaviorist theory that conditioning is responsible for all human actions. For, I believe that I have free will, which reflects in the choices I make about my own life, including, for example, my choice of courses in college or future profession. The fact that our understanding of life deepens and changes as we grow and develop our cognitive skills, moral and logical reasoning is, in fact, proof that individual human beings exercise their free will in interacting with their environment. Of course, it is not always easy to tell if past conditioning has influenced an apparent "free choice." To do so would require conscious reconstruction of one's past in order to distinguish between its affect, cognition, and the manner in which it continues to influence action. However, it has been established that an individual can be liberate...

Canadas Northwest Passage and the Issue of Sovereignty Over these Waters

Canadas Northwest Passage and the Issue of Sovereignty Over these Waters Canada’s Northwest Passage and the Issue of Sovereignty Over these Waters A country’s sovereignty must be established early on because it gives the citizens and its leaders the right to know not only where they geographically speaking but also what is rightfully theirs, to use and to protect.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canada’s Northwest Passage and the Issue of Sovereignty Over these Waters specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore fitting that sovereignty can only be achieved if a country, its people and its government are able to demonstrate that there are able to occupy and use that particular geographic location. In the case of the Northwest Passage located in Canada’s northernmost border the Canadian government is forced by circumstances and recent events to assert their sovereignty over the said region. As a matter of fact over the past three years, Prime Minister Harper has made it repeatedly clear that he will do everything in his power to protect Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic. But truth to be told, the Canadian government does not have the resources to back up Harper’s rhetoric, at least not enough to convince the United States and Russia that they are serious with their claim. Overview It has to be clarified that the arctic lands â€Å"presently claimed by the U.S., Canada and Denmark are considered secure† (Grant, p.11). In other words there has never been any dispute with regards to these lands. The sovereignty disputes related to foreign rights of transit in adjacent waters specifically the Northwest Passage (Grant, p.11). The Northwest Passage is the term given to a sea passage that allows for a shorter trip between East Asia and Europe. It is specifically â€Å"a water route through the islands of northern Canada connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans† (CBC News, 2006, p.1). It is a potentially significant region in terms of logistics, however, it is a passageway that is frozen most of the year. No shipping vessel can actually traverse this route except for a few heavily reinforced icebreakers. This explains why since the discovery of the Northwest Passage no one bothered to determine the sovereignty of Canada and as a matter of fact Canada does not need to assert sovereignty because the place is inhospitable and inaccessible. But the current weather phenomenon called global climate change is changing the way the words sees this sea route. Global climate change is said to cause the rapid and pervasive melting of Arctic ice. Scientists are saying that in a few more decades the Northwest Passage will experience long periods of time wherein it will be ice-free. This is not a small thing because using this route will reduce the distance traveled between London and Tokyo by more or less 7,000 kilometers or two weeks of travel time (CBC News, 2006, p.1). Commercial vessels can therefore fi nd it lucrative to use the Northwest Passage.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, there has been much speculation – based on discoveries made in adjacent areas – that the Arctic holds vast reserves of oil, gas and precious stones. This means that the United States, Russia, and even Denmark may find it this region to precious to ignore. In this regard, the lands above the North Pole belong to no country. There seems to be an unwritten rule that most countries around the world are in agreement. Nevertheless, there were recent developments that may change this view. For instance, a Russian scientist went there and placed a Russian flag under the seabed, stating that â€Å"the Lomonosov ridge connects its Arctic territories with the North Pole (Pilkington, 2007, p.1) Political analysts scoff at the idea pointing instead to Russia’s depleted oil re serves as the real reason why they are interested in the Arctic region (Pilkington, 2007, p.1). Aside from the Russians, the Americans have much to gain in the event that sovereignty over these waters cannot be established. The recent news of a piece of arctic land that became highly-valuable overnight because of costs of building oil rigs is one reason why the Americans would love to control this area. Furthermore, the United States is a military power and therefore additional passageway could increase their logistical advantages over their foes. One major point of contention is not only the ease at which U.S. icebreakers can cross the Northwest Passage but also the fact that U.S. submarines can travel subsurface and virtually undetected by the Canadian government. The Law First and foremost sovereignty is established through international law. Nations must agree of some specific set of laws in order to maintain stability. Thus, the law concerning sovereignty can be consulted to re solve this issue once and for all. According to law experts sovereignty is the power or title over a specific territory can be achieved by various means such as: â€Å"discovery, cession, accretion, subjugation, prescription or contiguity† (Grant, p.12). But there is one important thing to consider with regards to this rule, â€Å"If title was based on discovery alone it was considered inchoate† in other words it is undeveloped and temporary† (Grant, p.12). This means that sovereignty could lapse â€Å"if not followed within a reasonable time by effective occupation† (Grant, p.12). This is a real challenge for the Canadian government who is faced with the prospect of patrolling and managing not an ordinary piece of real estate but the Arctic where ice is a perennial fixture in the landscape.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Canada’s Northwest Passage and the Issue of Sovereignty Over these Waters specifically for you for o nly $16.05 $11/page Learn More The law seems to be on the side of the Canadians but there is one problem, they still have to convince other nations that indeed the Northwest Passage is theirs to control. The United States is one of them. According to one commentator, â€Å"Washington classifies the passage as neutral waters because it claims that Canadian sovereignty only extends a limited distance from the shore and it has outraged Canadian opinion by sending nuclear submarines through the strait† (Pilkington, 2007, p..1). The Canadian government must clearly demonstrate their intention to control the Northwest Passage and therefore gain sovereignty over this region. Harper’s Rhetoric Prime Minister Harper made a commitment to the Canadian people that he will safeguard their future especially when it comes to their claim in the Arctic region where the Northwest Passage belongs. Harper said, â€Å"Canada has a choice when it comes to defending our sove reignty over the Arctic †¦ We either use it or lose it† (Pilkington, 2007, p.1). Then he added, â€Å"And make no mistake, this government intends to use it† (Pilkington, p.1, 2007). Harper also made the announcement that his administration will build six to eight armed Arctic patrol vessels and a deep-water naval base on Baffin Island in order for Canada to assert control over the said passage (Dyer, 2009, p.1). But these projects remain the drawing board. Aside from the cost of maintaining a significant presence in the Arctic there is probably another reason why Canada will not commit a major portion of its resources to patrolling the Northwest Passage. The reason perhaps is that no one can be sure what exactly they are trying to safeguard. This is because talk about oil reserves and the profitability of Arctic shipping remains just like that, pure talk. According to one scholar who spend time analyzing this subject matter, â€Å"there is profound uncertainty su rrounding the search for hydrocarbons in the Arctic† and he added, â€Å"Arctic oil and gas will always be expensive to produce† (Griffiths, 1987, p.117). Due to the extreme weather in this region it is understandable why it is expensive to extract gas or oil and transport through long distances. Ambitious Plan It is easy to understand why Prime Minister has for the past three years engaged in rabble-rousing speeches with regards to the Northwest Passage. The Russians came tantalizingly close to provoking the Canadians while the United States seems to behave like a school bully every time their submarines using this particular sea route without permission.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Harper is just doing his job as the elected leader of the Canadian populace he has the responsibility to think about the future of the Arctic region and Canada’s stake in it. He had to show the Russians and the Americans that he meant business and that they must think twice if they believe that the Canadians can be easily intimidated or ignored. But there is more. Harper is very much aware of the legal implications of dereliction of duty when it comes to asserting their sovereignty over the Northwest Passage. Harper know so well that if the Canadian government cannot show proof that they are actively patrolling and making investments in securing the area then country’s right to rule over this area can be lost. More importantly the neighboring nations will be emboldened to try to take away this precious possession. It has to be guarded and it has to be subjugated. However, there are many political analysts and scientists who are also aware of the fact that what the Cana dian government intends to do is something that is beyond their capabilities. First of all patrolling the Northwest Passage is not the same as patrolling a river, lake or shoreline. The men and equipment sent to this region will have to work under harsh conditions. This is just the beginning because one way to achieve active occupation is through â€Å"acts by government such as the provision of basic services, administrative structures for governance and enforcement of a nation’s laws and regulations† (Grant, year, p.12). These are activities that the Harper administration cannot afford to finance. One researcher who made it her life’s mission to study this region has this to say about the difficulties that they the Canadian government will face if ever they will support Harper all the way and she did it by describing life in the High Arctic and she wrote: The compelling beauty of the scene slowly gave way to one of incomprehension. How could three young men as sisted by two Greenlandic Inuit families possibly protect Canadian sovereignty in this remote and barren land, which has never been occupied by Inuit and rarely, if ever, been visited by hunting parties? Even the whalers had long departed. With a small wooden skill and rifles used for hunting, how could they do anything of greater significance than raising a flag on Beechey Island? Was it just symbolic? (Grant, year, p.ix) The picture that Grant painted is an inhospitable area that at present Canada is unable to subjugate and administer. But Grant is not talking about the North Pole, she is talking about a territory under Canadian rule and yet the government cannot even secure it without the help of Greelandic Inuits. How much more if the government mobilizes its troops towards the Northwest Passage where everything is covered in ice? In the past, plans to created sophisticated defence and monitoring systems were abandoned (McRae, 1994, p.1). Aside from monetary considerations the e nvironmental factors best explains why it is difficult to claim sovereignty over the Northwest Passage. It is not an exaggeration to say that Harper’s plan to assert sovereignty is simply too ambitious. Conclusion The Canadians may have discovered the Northwest Passage and therefore they can lay hold of it and assert their sovereignty. However, legal experts are quick to point out that sovereignty as a result of discovery alone is undeveloped or temporary. There must be active demonstration of subjugation and administration over these territories. This is the dilemma of Canadian Prime Minister Harper. He knows the rule of law and the need for the government to show the world that they have the capability to assert control over the Northwest Passage. This requires the building of sophisticated facilities that can effectively function under extreme weather conditions. This requires the mobilization of men into barren landscapes and sea routes frozen for the most part of the yea r. In the past these plans, including the use of submarines to patrol the subsurface traffic under the strait had been abandoned, obviously because of monetary reasons. Harper must continue his rhetoric but the Canadian people must be realistic when it comes to securing sovereignty over the Northwest Passage. They could only hope that climate experts are wrong in their predictions or else they can do nothing if other countries will challenge their claim. CBC News. The Arctic Grail. CBC Canada News, 2006. Web. Dyer, Gwynee. Northwest Passage will never be commercially viable. Straight.com, 2009. Web. Grant, Shelagh. Polar Imperative: A History of Arctic Sovereignty in North America. Quebec: Douglas McIntyre, 2010. Griffiths, Franklyn. Politics of the Northwest Passage. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1987. McRae, Donald. Arctic Sovereignty: Loss by Dereliction? Canadian Arctic Resources Committee, 1994. Web. Pilkington, Ed. Canada flexes its muscles in scramble for the Ar ctic. Guardian News and Media, 2007. Web.

Tlaltecuhtli - The Monstrous Aztec Goddess of the Earth

Tlaltecuhtli - The Monstrous Aztec Goddess of the Earth Tlaltecuhtli (pronounced Tlal-teh-koo-tlee and sometimes spelled Tlaltecutli) is the name of the monstrous earth god among the Aztec. Tlaltecuhtli has both feminine and masculine attributes, although she is most often represented as a female deity. Her name means The one who gives and devours life. She represents the earth and the sky, and was one of the gods in the Aztec pantheon most hungry for human sacrifice. The Tlaltecuhtli Myth According to Aztec mythology, at the origin of time (the First Sun), the gods Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca began to create the world. But the monster Tlaltecuhtli destroyed everything they were creating. The gods turned themselves into giant serpents and wrapped their bodies around the goddess until they tore Tlaltecuhtlis body into two pieces. One piece of Tlaltecuhtlis body became the earth, mountains, and rivers, her hair the trees and flowers, her eyes the caves and wells. The other piece became the vault of the sky, although, in this early time, no sun or stars were embedded in it yet. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca gave Tlatecuhtli the gift of providing humans with whatever they need from her body, but it was a gift that didnt make her happy. Sacrifice Thus in Mexica mythology, Tlaltecuhtli represents the surface of the earth; however, she was said to be angry, and she was the first of the gods to demand the hearts and blood of humans for her unwilling sacrifice. Some versions of the myth say Tlaltecuhtli would not stop crying and bear fruit (plants and other growing things) unless she was moistened with the blood of men. Tlaltecuhtli was also believed to devour the sun every night just to give it back every morning. However, the fear that this cycle could be interrupted for some reason, such as during eclipses, produced instability among the Aztec population and was often the cause of even more ritual human sacrifices. Tlaltecuhtli Images Tlaltecuhtli is depicted in codices and stone monuments as a horrific monster, often in a squatting position and in the act of giving birth. She has several mouths over her body filled with sharp teeth, which were often spurting blood. Her elbows and knees are human skulls and in many images she is portrayed with a human being hanging between her legs. In some images she is portrayed as a caiman or alligator. Her open mouth symbolizes the passage to the underworld inside of the earth, but in many images her lower jaw is missing, torn away by Tezcatlipoca to prevent her from sinking beneath the waters. She often wears a skirt of crossed bones and skulls with a great star sign border, symbol of her primordial sacrifice; she is often depicted with large teeth, goggle-eyes, and a flint-knife tongue. It is interesting to note that in the Aztec culture, many sculptures, particularly in the case of representations of Tlaltecuhtli, were not meant to be seen by humans. These sculptures were carved and then set in a hidden place or carved on the underside of stone boxes and chacmool sculptures. These objects were made for the gods and not for humans, and, in Tlaltecuhtlis case, the images faced the earth they represent. Tlaltecuhtli Monolith In 2006, a huge monolith representing the Earth Goddess Tlaltecuhtli was discovered in an excavation at the Templo Mayor of Mexico City. This sculpture measures about 4 x 3.6 meters (13.1 x 11.8 feet) and weighs about 12 tons. It is the largest Aztec monolith ever discovered, larger than the famous Aztec Calendar Stone (Piedra del Sol) or the Coyolxauhqui. The sculpture, carved in a block of pink andesite, represents the goddess in the typical squatting position, and it is vividly painted in red ochre, white, black, and blue. After several years of excavation and restoration, the monolith can be seen on display at the the museum of the Templo Mayor. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the guide to Aztec religion and the dictionary of archaeology. Barajas M, Bosch P, Malvaà ©z C, Barragn C, and Lima E. 2010. Stabilization of the Tlaltecuhtli monolith pigments. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(11):2881-2886. Barajas M, Lima E, Lara VH, Negrete JV, Barragn C, Malvez C, and Bosch P. 2009. Effect of organic and inorganic consolidation agents on Tlaltecuhtli monolith. Journal of Archaeological Science 36(10):2244-2252. Bequedano E, and Orton CR. 1990. Similarities Between Sculptures Using Jaccards Coefficient in the Study of Aztec Tlaltecuhtli. Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 1:16-23. Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Boone EH, and Collins R. 2013. The petroglyphic prayers on the sun stone of Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina. Ancient Mesoamerica 24(02):225-241. Graulich M. 1988. Double Immolations in Ancient Mexican Sacrificial Ritual. History of Religions 27(4):393-404. Lucero-Gà ³mez P, Mathe C, Vieillescazes C, Bucio L, Belio I, and Vega R. 2014. Analysis of Mexican reference standards for Bursera spp. resins by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and application to archaeological objects. Journal of Archaeological Science 41(0):679-690. Matos Moctezuma E. 1997. Tlaltecuhtli, seà ±or de la tierra. Estudios de Cultura Nhautl 1997:15-40. Taube KA. 1993. Aztec and Maya Myths. Fourth Edition. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005. The Aztecs. New Perspectives, ABC-CLIO Inc. Santa Barbara, CA; Denver, CO and Oxford, England.

Weapons of Mass Destruction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Weapons of Mass Destruction - Research Paper Example encompasses activities, agencies, authorities and resources required to respond once it is recognized that Anthrax has been released as a result of terrorist activities. A. Immediate contact and consultation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Relevant samples of identified Bacillus anthracis will be isolated and prepared for evaluation to determine strain and potential lethality in coordination with CDC officials. E. Cleaning and disinfection of medical equipment will be considered and coordinated using the Principles of Standard Precautions guidelines. Immediate procurement of germicidal agents should be coordinated with relevant supply chain vendors and through consultation with local and state government actors. F. Pathology departments and laboratories providing clinical services must be informed of the relevant infectious dangers of post-mortem services, inclusive of procurement of eye protection instruments and masks. B. Coordination with the Food and Drug Administration to receive approvals to procure Anthrax vaccinations under the Emergency Use Authorization legislation for victims 18 and older. For children, approvals generated by the FDA under the Investigational New Drug protocol. A. Local law enforcement officers will maintain responsibility for coordinating isolation procedures, establishing barricades which prevent access into and outside of Anchorage during the disaster period. B. State authorities will declare a state of emergency, temporarily halting operations of the city public transit services, the Alaska railroad, and the Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport. Coordination with the Department of Homeland Security will ensure that air traffic is properly re-routed and all waterway transport re-directed to other non-affected ports of call. A. Assign relevant health personnel to provide routine medical exams for injured responders or those illustrating symptoms of Anthrax exposure, consisting of

Create a Problem Statement Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Explain the paradox of slavery and freedom, and how slavery and ideals Essay

Explain the paradox of slavery and freedom, and how slavery and ideals of freedom could coexist in North America - Essay Example Though, all these practices have now been legally eliminated but it still remains in the form of racial discrimination, which is quiet apparent in the American Society1. These marginalized groups of people now face the harsh treatment even in the hands of legal systems in America. White policemen are let of for killing a black youth, while a black person is severely punished for a small crime. There are other racist activities carried out at workplaces, schools and institutions where they are not given equal treatments and are looked down upon. Hence, it can be concluded that the concept slavery and freedom paradox is evident in American Society. The black president of white America, President Obama recently reacting to a comment to a white Coach of Basket Ball Team, said, â€Å"United States continues to wrestle with legacy of race and slavery and segregation. We have made enormous stride but you are going to continue to see this percolate up every so often2.† This comment was made recently when the coach showed a discriminatory behavior against the blacks. breitbart.com. Obama On Nba Owners Comments: Us Continues To Wrestle With Legacy Of Race, Slavery And Segregation. April 27, 2014. http://www.breitbart.com/Breitbart-TV/2014/04/27/Obama-on-NBA-Owner-Comments-US-Continues-To-Wrestle-With-Legacy-Of-Race-Slavery-and-Segregation (accessed 2014 30,

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Probability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Probability - Essay Example The word probability originated form the Latin word probare that means informal. It means that is there is nothing certain and exact associated with an event, and that happenings are uncertain and there are probabilities that are associated with them. Probability can be defined as the study that is concerned with locating certainty in uncertain events. Probability is known as the method of weighing evidence and opinion about uncertain and complex environment. Christiaan Huygens is supposed to be the first person to treat probability with scientific principles to provide a more refined form of the term in the year of 1657. There are several functions of probabilities. Distributions are considered one of them. These functions are used to assign the possible and probable events to the entire series of the events. There are several types of distribution too, that is continuous and discrete distribution. Probabilities distribution can be categorized into two classes: discrete and continuo us. There are many ways to divide probability up in an equal and proportionate manner but the best possible method is to use the probability density function (Fadyen, 2003). Development in this field is taking place continuously and rapidly. The world is changing as never before due to technologies, and these technologies are dramatically affecting the speed and complexity of probability calculations. Computers and spreadsheets are just two important examples of this shift. The major gains in communication complexity and speed have also played an important role. And this is apositive aspect because the development in the field of statistical data analysis is often caused by advancement in the other fields in which the various methods of statistical data analysis are productively applied. Probability is a statistical technique which is used for analyzing the situations that are confined by random events. For quantitative analysis of many human activities, which generally

Roles you play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Probability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Probability - Essay Example The word probability originated form the Latin word probare that means informal. It means that is there is nothing certain and exact associated with an event, and that happenings are uncertain and there are probabilities that are associated with them. Probability can be defined as the study that is concerned with locating certainty in uncertain events. Probability is known as the method of weighing evidence and opinion about uncertain and complex environment. Christiaan Huygens is supposed to be the first person to treat probability with scientific principles to provide a more refined form of the term in the year of 1657. There are several functions of probabilities. Distributions are considered one of them. These functions are used to assign the possible and probable events to the entire series of the events. There are several types of distribution too, that is continuous and discrete distribution. Probabilities distribution can be categorized into two classes: discrete and continuo us. There are many ways to divide probability up in an equal and proportionate manner but the best possible method is to use the probability density function (Fadyen, 2003). Development in this field is taking place continuously and rapidly. The world is changing as never before due to technologies, and these technologies are dramatically affecting the speed and complexity of probability calculations. Computers and spreadsheets are just two important examples of this shift. The major gains in communication complexity and speed have also played an important role. And this is apositive aspect because the development in the field of statistical data analysis is often caused by advancement in the other fields in which the various methods of statistical data analysis are productively applied. Probability is a statistical technique which is used for analyzing the situations that are confined by random events. For quantitative analysis of many human activities, which generally

Zizeks Concept Of Two Revolutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

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Effect of Potential Difference on Copper Coating

Effect of Potential Difference on Copper Coating Design Research Question: What affect does the potential difference (V) across the circuit has on the copper coating on an iron metal? Hypothesis: My hypothesis is based on the Ohm’s Law which states V = IR, where V is the potential difference across the circuit and ‘I’ is the current present in the circuit and ‘R’ is the resistance. (When ‘R’ is constant) The above equation states that as the current increases, the electron flow will also increase. Thus increasing the potential difference across the circuit which in turn increases the copper coating on iron metal. Variables: Independent Variable: Potential difference Dependent Variable: Change in mass Control Variable: Concentration of the electrolyte Resistance of the circuit Temperature Distance between the electrodes Materials Required: Voltmeter (0.2 V) Ammeter (0.1 mA) Copper Plate Sand paper Iron nail Rheostat Connecting Wires Electrolyte (1M CuSO4 solution) Beaker Alligator Clips Weighing Scale (0.01 g) Diagram of the experiment: Procedure: Set up the experiment as shown in the diagram above. Take a sand paper and remove the rust from iron nail. Now place the iron nail on a weighing scale to get its weight. The iron nail should be now attached as the anode The potential difference should be kept as 1V Pour the electrolyte into a beaker and dip the iron nail into it for about 10mins. After 10mins, remove the iron nail and dry it. Repeat the above procedure for V = 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3. Steps (1-8) should be repeated twice. Process the obtained data and record the observations. How to control the Control Variables: To control the concentration of electrolyte, make sure that the same electrolyte is used throughout the experiment. Resistance should be kept constant for the Hypothesis to be true, and for this a rheostat is used in the experiment by which resistance can be controlled. The experiment will be performed in a closed lab environment to ensure that the conditions of the equipment are not affected by changing atmospheric conditions. The distance between the electrodes should be kept constant because if the electrodes are not kept in a constant position, the rate of transfer of electrons will increase hence the mass deposited will also increase. Data Control and Processing Raw Data Table:- The Raw Data Table consists of the data obtained from two trials and is shown below in a tabular form Table 1 Table 2 Qualitative Observation: Reddish-Brown coating on the iron nail when it is dipped in the electrolyte. When the current is passed, due to the flow of electrons from anode to cathode, the copper coating thickens as if it is trying to displace the iron. The iron nail becomes blunt due to the heavy deposition of copper. After taking down the readings and noting the associated qualitative data, the raw data table is now processed and the data is represented graphically so that a better analysis could be done. Processed Data Table: The processed Data table consists of two tables showing the change in mass after the data is obtained. A graphical representation of the data is also done. Processed Table 1: Change in Mass was calculated by subtracting the initial mass from the final mass, For V = 1.0  ± 0.1, Change in mass (ΔM) = Final Mass – Initial Mass = 1.596g – 1.560g = 0.036g Similarly, Change in Mass was calculated for different Potential difference shown in the table. Processed Table 2: Similarly for this table, For V = 3.0  ± 0.1 Change in mass (ΔM) = Final Mass – Initial Mass = 1.889 – 1.797 = 0.092g Graphical Representation: Trial 1 The above graph shows the relationship between Change in mass and Potential Difference. The obtained graph resembles a linear graph and the error bars are plotted. A trend line is also made to pass through all obtained values. From the analysis of the graph of Trial 1, it can be observed that as the Potential difference increases the change in mass also increases which means that the amount of copper deposited increases with increasing potential difference. Similarly, graph for trial 2 is shown below, Graph 2 The graph obtained for Trial 2 also resembles a linear graph but there are some differences between the graph obtained for trial 1 and trial 2. As Potential difference across the circuit increases, the Change in mass also increases which means that the copper coating thickens with increasing Potential difference. Further Calculations are done to find the exact difference between both the trials, Calculations: For trial 1, The equation for the graph is y = 0.0296x + 0.005, Finding the slope of the above graph, m = 0.0296 Slope = 0.0296 gV-1 The slop obtained from differentiating the equation states that when 1V is increased, 0.0296 of Copper deposition takes place. This cycle continues for 1V increase. Calculating the moles of Copper, Moles = Moles = Moles = In Copper Sulphate, a +2 charge is present on Copper hence the required electrons will be as follows, Calculating the transfer of charge, Charge transferred = = 89.60 C Increase in the current = = 0.149 A For Trial 2, The equation of this graph is y = 0.03x + 0.0058 By differentiating the above equation, m = 0.03 gV-1 Calculating the moles of Copper, No. of moles = Mass à · Molar Mass Required amount of moles = = 9.44Ãâ€"10-4 mol at 1 p.d Calculating the transfer of Charge, Charge transfer = = 90.95 C Increase in the Current = 90.95 C à · 600s = 0.151 A Conclusion and Evaluation Conclusion For Trial 1, The Charge transfer obtained is 89.60 C For Trial 2, The Charge transfer is 90.95 C The difference between both the charges = 90.95 – 89.60 = 1.35 C Uncertainty of the experiment cannot be found out because the slope of both the graphs are different. From the graph, it is seen that, Evaluation The major reason for this deviation from the trend line plotted in the graph indicates that the resistance was not controlled properly. The graph is plotted on the basis of the Ohm’s Law stating, when the Resistance ‘R’ is constant but in this experiment, both trial one and trial 2 have different value for Charge transfer thus it can be concluded that the experiment was not accurate because of the presence of fluctuating Resistance. Errors that may have occurred The major reason for the experiment going wrong was due to an improper rheostat. The rheostat didn’t have a proper grip between the coil and movable scale. The scale may not be properly attached to the coil hence leading to a deviation between the obtained values. While removing rust from the iron nail using a sand paper, it may have had happened that some amount of rust remained on the surface of the iron nail and was not removed due to ignorance. The experiment was performed for approximately 4 hours. The experiment on the whole was not performed on a single day and hence some discrepancies in the solution may have had happened. The instruments used maybe were not calibrated properly. Number of trials taken in the experiment is only two which is very less as it does not give a big picture of the errors occurred while performing the experiment. How to improve the experiment The experiment can be improved to a greater extent by using a rheostat which has a good grip between the coil and the moving scale. This can be done by checking the instruments before performing the experiment. A fresh iron nail should be taken for the experiment. If it is not taken, then due to carelessness, some rust may remain on the iron nail and at one point it will become so thick that removing it with a sand paper won’t be possible. The experiment should be conducted for a shorter period of time and should be performed on one day itself because if the solution is kept open, it may happen that the solution will degrade or will react with air. Instruments with proper least count should be taken to avoid any systematic error. A minimum of five trials should be taken to reach an accurate conclusion.

Secrets in Conjugal Relationships Essay -- Literary Analysis

â€Å"Is it always a betrayal to talk about your husband with another man? What about girlfriends or astrologists?† (Dormen). In modern society, people’s feelings and desires are limited by rules of law and morality, especially when they relate to marriage and conjugal relationships. In The Storm, Kate Chopin raised a moral issue of adultery between characters of the short novel-Calixta and Alcee. She discussed the questions based on the metaphor of storm and the lack of passion in Calixta and Bobinot’s marriage. Similarly, in A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen scrutinized an issue of a marriage lacking love. He depicted relationships between Nora and Torvald and showed how imperious attitude and misunderstandings ruined conjugal relationships eventually. Both stories are connected by a common problem of secrets that arose from misunderstandings between the spouses. They solved the problem of misunderstanding in different ways, depending on cultural and personal distinctions of the characters. Therefore, the stories ended differently. Chopin concluded that the adulterous act made positive short-term changes in the marriage depicted in The Storm. In contrast, Ibsen ended his play A Doll’s House by stating that lack of understanding and communication led to the marriage collapse. In her short novel The Storm, Chopin explained how an extramarital affair between Calixta and Alcee became a factor benefiting the marriage. Chopin ended the story with the words, â€Å"So the storm passed, and everyone was happy† (123). The story is interesting not only because of the conclusion that infidelity had a beneficial short-term outcome to the family relationships, but also by intricacies that resulted in the happy end. In the middle of the novel, Chopin utiliz... ...pt unrevealed because of her naivety, passionate and pure love to the husband, did not contain any vicious deeds or intentions. However, upon revealing the secret, the true attitude of the couple to each other uncovered and Nora preferred to live alone to life with the husband who called her a criminal and decided to part with her for a formal mistake that saved him love. Works Cited Bartee, Johanna. The Storm: More Than Just a Story. Virginia Wesleyan College , n. d. Web. 09 May 2012. Chopin, Kate. The Storm. Freewebs Com, n.d. Web. 09 May 2012. Goldman, Emma. The Social Significance of the Modern Drama. Berkeley. Edu, n.d. Web. 09 May 2012. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll's House. Ed. Jim Manis. The Pennsylvania State University, 2010. Web. 09 May 2012. Dormen, Lesley. Secrets and Lies: The Truth About Conjugal Discretion. Hearst Communications. 26 July 2010.

What Does Nozicks Experience Machine Argument Really Prove? :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

What Does Nozick's Experience Machine Argument Really Prove? ABSTRACT: Nozick's well-known Experience Machine argument can be considered a typically successful argument: as far as I know, it has not been discussed much and has been widely seen as conclusive, or at least convincing enough to refute the mental-state versions of utilitarianism. I believe that if his argument were conclusive, its destructive effect would be even stronger. It would not only refute mental-state utilitarianism, but all theories (whether utilitarian or not) considering a certain subjective mental state (happiness, pleasure, desire, satisfaction) as the only valuable state. I shall call these theories "mental state welfarist theories." I do not know whether utilitarianism or, in general, mental-state welfarism is plausible, but I doubt that Nozick's argument is strong enough to prove that it is not. I Nozick's well-known Experience Machine argument can be considered as a typically successful argument: as far as I know, it has not been very discussed and has been widely seen as conclusive, or at least convincing enough to refute the mental-state versions of Utilitarianism. (1) Indeed, I believe that if his argument were conclusive, its destructive effect would be even stronger. It would not only refute mental-state utilitarianism, but all theories (whether utilitarian or not) considering a certain subjective mental state (happiness, pleasure, desire satisfaction) as the only valuable state. I shall call these theories "mental state welfarist theories." (2) I do not know whether utilitarianism or, in general, mental-state welfarism is plausible. But I doubt that Nozick's argument is strong enough to prove that it is not. This note tries to explain my doubts. Let us begin by briefly recalling the argument: "Suppose there were an experience machine that would give you any experience you desired. Superduper neuropsychologists could stimulate your brain so that you would think and feel you were writing a great novel, or making a friend, or reading an interesting book. All the time you would be floating in a tank, with electrodes attached to your brain. Should you plug into this machine for life, preprogramming your life experiences? [...] Of course, while in the tank you won't know that you're there; you'll think that it's all actually happening [...] Would you plug in?." (3) II According to a first interpretation of Nozick's argument, it proves (or attempts to prove) that we have strong reasons not to plug into the Machine. Such reasons could not be accepted by mental state Welfarism. What Does Nozick's Experience Machine Argument Really Prove? :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers What Does Nozick's Experience Machine Argument Really Prove? ABSTRACT: Nozick's well-known Experience Machine argument can be considered a typically successful argument: as far as I know, it has not been discussed much and has been widely seen as conclusive, or at least convincing enough to refute the mental-state versions of utilitarianism. I believe that if his argument were conclusive, its destructive effect would be even stronger. It would not only refute mental-state utilitarianism, but all theories (whether utilitarian or not) considering a certain subjective mental state (happiness, pleasure, desire, satisfaction) as the only valuable state. I shall call these theories "mental state welfarist theories." I do not know whether utilitarianism or, in general, mental-state welfarism is plausible, but I doubt that Nozick's argument is strong enough to prove that it is not. I Nozick's well-known Experience Machine argument can be considered as a typically successful argument: as far as I know, it has not been very discussed and has been widely seen as conclusive, or at least convincing enough to refute the mental-state versions of Utilitarianism. (1) Indeed, I believe that if his argument were conclusive, its destructive effect would be even stronger. It would not only refute mental-state utilitarianism, but all theories (whether utilitarian or not) considering a certain subjective mental state (happiness, pleasure, desire satisfaction) as the only valuable state. I shall call these theories "mental state welfarist theories." (2) I do not know whether utilitarianism or, in general, mental-state welfarism is plausible. But I doubt that Nozick's argument is strong enough to prove that it is not. This note tries to explain my doubts. Let us begin by briefly recalling the argument: "Suppose there were an experience machine that would give you any experience you desired. Superduper neuropsychologists could stimulate your brain so that you would think and feel you were writing a great novel, or making a friend, or reading an interesting book. All the time you would be floating in a tank, with electrodes attached to your brain. Should you plug into this machine for life, preprogramming your life experiences? [...] Of course, while in the tank you won't know that you're there; you'll think that it's all actually happening [...] Would you plug in?." (3) II According to a first interpretation of Nozick's argument, it proves (or attempts to prove) that we have strong reasons not to plug into the Machine. Such reasons could not be accepted by mental state Welfarism.